加拿大央行表示，该国移民人数减少正在“重塑经济”，因为新移民带来的需求有助于推动经济增长。“我们的人口正在老龄化，移民人数也在减少。这些变化共同正在重塑我们的经济，”加拿大央行（BoC）在一份新报告中表示。报告指出，过去150年来，该国人口每年都在增长。然而，2025年记录的0.5%增长率是“一个多世纪以来”最低的。
Canada’s central bank has said that lower immigration into the country is “reshaping the economy” as the demand created by newcomers helps fuel it.“Our population is aging and fewer immigrants are arriving. Together, these changes are reshaping our economy,” the Bank of Canada (BoC) said in a new report. It pointed out that over the past 150 years, the country’s population has increased each year. However, the 0.5% growth recorded in 2025 was the “the slowest” in “more than a century.”
增长放缓归因于移民水平下降以及人口老龄化和低于更替水平的出生率。报告指出，过去50年，加拿大人口以1.2%的稳定速度增长，并在2020年代初期一度飙升至3%。 “这种增长增加了经济中的劳动力数量，有助于缓解劳动力短缺，但也给住房和社会服务带来了压力，”报告称。2024年，联邦政府开始降低移民水平，此后许多临时居民离开了加拿大，未来几年将有更少的新移民到来，而加拿大人也将继续变老。
Slowing growth was attributed to both falling immigration levels as well as an aging population with the birth rate below replacement level. It noted that over the past 50 years, Canada’s population grew at a steady rate of 1.2%, and surged to as much as 3% in the early years of the 2020s. “The growth raised the number of workers in the economy and helped ease labour shortages, but it also increased pressure on housing and social services,” it said. In 2024, the federal government began to reduce immigration levels and since then, many temporary residents have been leaving Canada, and in the coming years, fewer new immigrants will arrive while Canadians will also continue to get older.
“这将影响我们劳动力的规模、我们的消费以及经济能够产出的规模，”报告称。报告还表示，移民在经济中发挥着“重要作用”。
“This will affect the size of our workforce, what we buy and how much the economy can produce,” it said. It said that immigrants play an “important role” in the economy.
许多人年纪轻轻，他们通常在抵达后不久就开始为经济做出贡献，而临时工人往往在劳动力短缺的经济部门找到工作，例如餐饮和农业，而高技能新移民则能够带来供不应求的技能和知识，例如计算机工程等领域。“当移民来到加拿大时，他们会花钱在这里建立生活——这会在经济中创造需求，”加拿大央行指出，并补充说，“对商品和服务需求的增加有助于推动经济。”
Many are young and they often begin contributing to the economy soon after they arrive while temporary workers often get jobs in parts of the economy with labour shortages, such as restaurants and agriculture, while highly skilled newcomers can bring skills and knowledge that are in short supply, in fields such as computer engineering.“When immigrants move to Canada, they spend money to build their life here—and that creates demand in the economy,” BoC noted, adding that the “increased demand for goods and services helps fuel the economy.”
加拿大央行表示，理解人口结构变化如何影响经济至关重要，因为这关系到货币政策。“人口结构变化会影响经济的关键驱动因素，包括生产和需求。而这些因素又会影响经济增长和通胀，”它表示。
BoC said that it’s essential it understands how demographic change impacts the economy because that matters for monetary policy. “Demographic changes influence key drivers of the economy, including production and demand. And these factors affect economic growth and inflation,” it said.