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我不想写这个:第一个看到黑猩猩发动内战的人‘I didn’t want to write about this’: the man who first saw chimps waging civil war

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灵长类学家约翰·米塔尼,他在乌干达基巴莱国家公园共同创立了恩戈戈黑猩猩项目。摄影:劳伦·萨林豪斯Primatologist John Mitani, who co-founded the Ngogo Chimpanzee Project in Kibale national park, Uganda. Photograph: Lauren Sarringhaus

约翰·米塔尼多年致力于研究乌干达一个庞大的黑猩猩社群。但随后情况出现了戏剧性转折——他的研究结果震惊了整个科学界。约翰·米塔尼仍能清晰记得自己第一次踏入乌干达基巴莱国家公园的情景。原始东非热带雨林笼罩着他,树冠高达40米。果树因非洲星苹果和丰盛的无花果而低垂。随后,他看到了黑猩猩。毛茸茸的黑色身影在丛林中穿梭,它们的尖叫声常常震耳欲聋。

John Mitani spent years studying a huge community of chimpanzees in Uganda. But then things took a dark turn – and his findings stunned the scientific world John Mitani can still remember the first time he set foot in Uganda’s Kibale national park. The old-growth east African rainforest enveloped him, its canopy stretching to heights of 40 metres. Fruit trees bowed under the weight of African star apples and bountiful figs. And then there were the chimpanzees. Furry black blobs darted through the jungle, their raucous calls often deafening.

恩戈戈黑猩猩在基巴莱国家公园互相梳理毛发。摄影:恩戈戈黑猩猩项目Chimpanzees groom each other at Ngogo in Kibale national park. Photograph: Ngogo Chimpanzees Project
黑猩猩哈雷,是恩戈戈首个与米塔尼建立信任的雄性黑猩猩。摄影:约翰·米塔尼Hare, the male chimp that was the first to establish trust with Mitani at Ngogo. Photograph: John Mitani
基巴莱国家公园一群成年雄性黑猩猩攻击另一群的雄性黑猩猩。摄影:亚伦·桑德尔/路透社Adult male chimpanzees of one group attack a male chimpanzee of another group at Kibale. Photograph: Aaron Sandel/Reuters

那是1995年的夏天,米塔尼,一位来自美国北加利福尼亚的灵长类学家,刚刚结束在坦桑尼亚马哈莱山脉研究黑猩猩的工作。当时,马哈莱山脉是已知规模最大的黑猩猩种群栖息地,约有100只个体。但有传言称,基巴莱这一地区——仅可通过从首都坎帕拉出发的12小时车程到达——可能孕育着更为罕见的猿类密度。

It was the summer of 1995, and Mitani, a primatologist from northern California, had just come from working with the chimps living in the Mahale mountains of Tanzania. At the time, Mahale was home to the largest known population of chimps, with about 100 individuals. But there were rumours that this section of Kibale – only accessible via a 12-hour drive from the capital, Kampala – might host an even more unusual abundance of apes.

杰克逊,恩戈戈中央群黑猩猩的前首领雄性。摄影:约翰·米塔尼Jackson, the former alpha male of the central group of chimpanzees at Ngogo. Photograph: John Mitani
约翰·米塔尼表示,恩戈戈黑猩猩还有许多重要的故事要告诉我们。摄影:伊万·德赖伯格John Mitani says the Ngogo chimps have many more important stories to tell us. Photograph: Ewan Dryburgh