伦敦的迷你出租车司机希望市长萨迪克·汗叫停机器人出租车，以免其威胁数千个就业岗位。而市政厅的一份新报告则对伦敦是否已为无人驾驶汽车做好准备提出了质疑。英国独立工人工会（IWGB）在伦敦议会交通委员会周一发布报告后，呼吁伦敦交通局（TfL）暂停相关部署。这份长达66页的报告，对于那些希望在伦敦街头大规模投放无人驾驶出租车的公司而言，无疑令人不安。
London's minicab drivers want Mayor Sadiq Khan to put the brakes on robotaxis before they threaten thousands of jobs, with a new City Hall report casting doubt on whether the capital is ready for driverless cars. The Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain (IWGB) has called on Transport for London (TfL) to halt the rollout following the publication of a London Assembly Transport Committee report on Monday. The 66-page report makes uncomfortable reading for the companies hoping to unleash fleets of driverless taxis on London's streets.
报告结论称：“目前，我们尚未听到足以说服伦敦应接纳自动驾驶客运服务的证据。”谷歌的Waymo、英国初创公司Wayve以及中国科技巨头百度，都是准备在伦敦推出自动驾驶客运服务的公司之一。Waymo已在伦敦测试其车辆，并希望在获得监管批准后，于今年推出“数百辆”规模的商业化车队。Uber和Wayve已获得伦敦交通局颁发的私人租赁车辆许可，允许其提供有人监督的自动驾驶服务，这意味着人类司机在法律上仍保持控制权；而Freenow和百度则计划于2027年实现完全无人驾驶的运营。
"As it stands, we currently have not heard sufficient evidence to persuade us that London should welcome autonomous passenger services," it concludes. Google's Waymo, British startup Wayve, and Chinese tech giant Baidu are among those gearing up to bring autonomous passenger services to London. Waymo has already been testing its cars in the capital and hopes to launch a commercial fleet of "low hundreds" this year, subject to regulatory approval. Uber and Wayve have secured TfL private hire licenses for vehicles offering supervised self-driving rides, meaning a human driver remains legally in control, and Freenow and Baidu are targeting a fully driverless launch in 2027.
伦敦约有10.5万名持有执照的私人租赁司机，其中许多人都有理由担心那些能取代他们工作的汽车。“每一辆车都养着一个家庭，而无法继续赚钱的前景，让我们所有人都深感不安——我们该如何养家糊口？如今我们本就过得十分艰难。”Uber司机、IWGB私人租赁司机工会副主席Gholomreza “Rez” Kamyabi说道。该委员会听取了有关机器人出租车可能导致大量司机失业的警告，并要求伦敦交通局与工会及运营方合作，为受影响的司机提供再培训、重新安置和资金支持。然而，IWGB则希望彻底叫停这一部署进程。
London has around 105,000 licensed private hire drivers, many of whom have reason to worry about cars that can do their jobs without them. "Every car feeds a family, and the prospect of not being able to earn money leaves us all with a deep uncertainty as to how we will provide for them. We already struggle to get by as it is," said Gholomreza "Rez" Kamyabi, an Uber driver and vice chair of the IWGB Private Hire Drivers union. The committee heard warnings that robotaxis could put large numbers of drivers out of work, and wants TfL to work with unions and operators to retrain, redeploy, and fund those affected. The IWGB, however, wants the rollout stopped.
“IWGB 私人租车司机工会反对无人驾驶汽车的推广，”工会主席亚历克斯·马歇尔（Alex Marshall）表示，警告称该技术可能使成千上万的司机失业，同时让科技公司和投资者受益。就业并非唯一担忧。
"The IWGB Private Hire Drivers Union opposes the rollout of driverless cars," said union president Alex Marshall, warning the technology could put thousands out of work while benefiting tech companies and investors. Jobs aren't the only concern.
在政府的临时自动乘客服务许可方案下，驾驶员与车辆标准局（DVSA）负责发放运营许可证。伦敦交通局（TfL）必须在服务于伦敦启动前同意，但一旦许可证签发，TfL 无法自行暂停或撤销。TfL 对现有的无人驾驶试验也没有正式发言权，运营商法律上也不必向其报告事故，尽管有些运营商自愿共享信息。
Under the government's interim Automated Passenger Services permitting scheme, the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) issues operating permits. TfL must consent before a service launches in London, but cannot independently suspend or revoke a permit once issued. TfL also has no formal say over existing driverless trials, and operators aren't legally required to report incidents to it, although some have shared information voluntarily.
报告列举了多起涉及自动测试车辆的事故，包括一辆汽车据称在四月闯入警方犯罪现场封锁区、另一辆在六月被拍到逆行驶入单行道，以及七月与一辆摩托车相撞的报告。报告还质疑机器人出租车在医疗紧急情况、乘客安全和无障碍方面的处理方式。目前试验中的无人驾驶车辆均不具备轮椅无障碍设施。
The report details several incidents involving autonomous test vehicles, including a car reportedly entering a police crime scene cordon in April, another filmed turning the wrong way into a one-way street in June, and a reported collision with a motorcycle in July. It also questions how robotaxis would handle medical emergencies, passenger safety, and accessibility. None of the autonomous vehicles currently being trialed are wheelchair accessible.
此外还有拥堵问题。机器人出租车可能会吸引乘客离开公共交通，同时在载客间隙空驶增加交通量。委员会希望运营商报告其空驶里程，以便 TfL 评估影响。
Then there's congestion. Robotaxis could lure passengers away from public transportation while adding more traffic as vehicles travel empty between fares. The committee wants operators to report their empty mileage so TfL can assess the impact.
伦敦市民对该技术的热情也不高。委员会委托 YouGov 进行的调查显示，42% 的受访者反对自动乘客车辆，29% 支持；仅有 29% 表示可能会使用。
Londoners aren't exactly clamoring for the technology either. A YouGov survey commissioned by the committee found that 42 percent opposed autonomous passenger vehicles, compared with 29 percent who supported them. Just 29 percent said they would be likely to use one.
委员会并未呼吁禁令，而是建议加强安全要求，赋予 TfL 限制车辆数量的权力，并设立立即暂停许可证的程序。委员会还希望在《自动车辆法》全面实施后（预计在 2027 年下半年），由 TfL 接管许可工作。
The committee stopped short of calling for a ban, instead recommending tougher safety requirements, giving TfL powers to cap vehicle numbers, and a process to request the immediate suspension of permits. It also wants TfL to take over permitting when the Automated Vehicles Act is fully implemented, expected in the second half of 2027.
在调查期间，伦敦交通局（TfL）尚未公布其批准无人驾驶客运服务所将采用的标准。因此，在交通部门制定规则的同时，伦敦正在为机器人出租车做好准备；议会成员则质疑其益处，而出租车司机则要求叫停整个计划。不过，至少这些汽车不会抱怨自己的工作条件。®
At the time of the investigation, TfL had not yet published the criteria it would use to approve driverless passenger services. So London is preparing for robotaxis while its transport authority works out the rules, Assembly members question the benefits, and cab drivers demand the whole thing be stopped. Still, at least the cars won't complain about their working conditions.®