罗、亚当·海格和P R 桑贾伊布莱克石公司总裁乔恩·格雷和美联储理事克里斯托弗·沃勒表示，法国的财政压力对一直在大肆支出的政府来说是一个令人担忧的信号，但由于美国的增长率要高得多，这些风险在美国并不那么紧迫。
Luo, Adam Haigh and P R Sanjai Blackstone Inc. President Jon Gray and Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller said the fiscal strains in France are a worrying sign for governments that have been spending heavily, but those risks are less pressing in the US thanks to its much higher growth.
“我们现在正面临一点清算，”格雷说，指的是西方政府财政可持续性不足的问题，这在发达国家的国债收益率上升中有所体现。他说，与战争相关的大额支出、技术和人工智能支出导致一些国家“出现的赤字远高于其固有增长率”的印象 — — 你知道的，冲击会随之而来。”他说，增长缓慢且赤字非常庞大的国家面临更高的风险 — — 而在美国，由于增长率更高且仍有大量资本流入以帮助资助技术和人工智能投资，风险较低。
“We’re now facing a bit of a reckoning,” Gray said, referring to a lack of fiscal sustainability among Western governments that is reflected in higher bond yields in developed nations. He said large war-related expenditures, technology and AI spending have contributed to the perception that some countries “are running deficits that are well above their inherent growth rates — and you worry, you know, shocks come along.”The risks, he said, are higher for slower-growing countries with very large deficits — and less in the US where growth rates are higher and a lot of capital is still flowing in to help fund technology and AI investments.
“最终，美国将不得不面对艰难的选择，但我认为现在这更多是法国、英国和欧洲大陆的挑战，”格雷周二在新德里的彭博新经济论坛上表示。
“Ultimately, the US is going to have to face tough choices, but I think now this is more of a France, UK, continental Europe challenge,” Gray said at the Bloomberg New Economy Forum in New Delhi on Tuesday.
“随着时间的推移，我们看到这些问题只有在危机出现时才会得到解决，”格雷说。“我们在希腊看到了这一点，不幸的是，事情似乎正朝着那个方向发展。”虽然美国具有优势，并且应该从技术和生产率繁荣中获得显著收益，“但我们和其他人一样，将不得不随着时间的推移找到一种方式 — — 无论是通过更高的增长、更好的财政责任，还是两者的结合 — — 来站得更稳，”格雷说。
“What we’ve seen over time is these get addressed when there’s crisis,” Gray said. “We saw this in Greece, and unfortunately, that feels the way this is going.”While the US has advantages and should reap significant benefits from the technology and productivity boom, “we, like everybody, are going to have to find a way over time — either through much higher growth, or better fiscal responsibility, or a combination — to get to sounder footing,” Gray said.
沃勒是美联储理事会成员，他在论坛上后来表示，美国更高的增长率以及来自其他国家的资金流入应该有助于保护世界上最大的经济体免受法国正在经历的财政压力和问题的影响。“伙计，事情在他们身上突然就爆炸了，”他说。
Waller, a member of the Fed’s Board of Governors, said later on at the forum that higher US growth and inflows from other countries should help shield the world’s largest economy from the fiscal stress and problems that France is experiencing. “Man, things kind of just suddenly exploded on them,” he said.
沃勒表示，当上升的债券收益率由通胀预期和财政担忧推动时——就像在法国那样——就会成为一个问题。
Waller said when rising bond yields are driven by inflation expectations and fiscal concerns — like in France — that becomes a problem.
“如果你因增长提升而面临更高的收益率，在我看来这是件好事，”他说。“但如果你因通胀恐惧加剧而面临更高的收益率，那就不是好事。”他还说，美国尚未看到财政赤字担忧在其债券拍卖需求中显现。“财政主导是指你开始不得不实施货币政策来帮助政府融资。那就是你必须真正开始担心它的时候。到目前为止，至少对于美国而言，我们尚未处于这种情况，”他说。
“If you’re living with higher yield because of higher growth, to me that’s a good thing,” he said. “If you were living with higher yields because of greater fear of inflation, that’s not a good thing.”The US hasn’t seen worries about fiscal deficits show up in demand for its bond auctions, he said. “Fiscal dominance is when you start having to do monetary policy to help the government finance. That’s where you have to really come to worry about it. So far, at least for the US, we’re not in that situation,” he said.
与此同时，格雷将技术确定为当前时代的决定性力量——以及潜在威胁。相比之下，持续的地区冲突以及美国及其盟友之间的紧张关系仍然可以控制，他说。
Gray, meanwhile, identified technology as the defining force — and potential threat — of the current era. Ongoing regional conflicts and tensions between the US and its allies remain manageable by comparison, he said.
“技术可能是最大的生存性风险之一，但这一风险进展缓慢，它将迫使人们做出非常艰难的选择，”他说。
“Technology probably is the biggest sort of existential risk, but this is one that has been slow-moving, and it’s going to force very tough choices,” he said.
在与格雷同一小组讨论的塔塔集团董事长纳塔拉詹·钱德拉塞卡兰表示，他对人工智能技术的一个担忧是它可能被恶意行为者如何利用，以及它可能在短期内导致什么样的劳动力重组。“在中期到长期，它将变得极其强大，”他说。阅读：塔塔集团董事长捍卫国家建设投资而非短期回报前美国商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多表示，尽管她认为人工智能仍处于“第一局”，但她对失控代理人提出了担忧。
Speaking on the same panel as Gray, Tata Sons Chairman Natarajan Chandrasekaran said one worry he has about AI technology is how it could be used by bad actors, and what labor restructuring it could lead to in the near term. “In the medium-to-long term, it’s going to be hugely powerful,” he said. Read: Tata Chair Defends Nation-Building Bets Over Short-Term Returns Gina Raimondo, former US commerce secretary, raised concerns about rogue agents even though she said AI is still in its “first inning.”
“坦率地说，我更担心的是治理挑战，”她说。“我们需要以与人工智能研究人员开发技术同样的紧迫性和强度来应对这些治理挑战，并建立治理框架。”
“Quite frankly, the thing that I am even more worried about are the governance challenges,” she said. “And we need to act on these governance challenges and setting up a governance framework with the same urgency and level of intensity that AI researchers are using to develop the technology.”
印度最著名的科技创始人之一、Infosys Ltd.董事长南丹·尼勒卡尼驳斥了人工智能将取代大量人类工人的说法，称其为“胡说八道”。这位71岁的老人预测，该技术将激活小企业并推动对新技能的需求，并对印度软件外包巨头的前景持乐观态度。
Infosys Ltd. Chairman Nandan Nilekani, one of India’s most prominent tech founders, dismissed the idea that AI will displace scores of human workers as “hogwash.”The 71-year-old predicted that the technology will instead galvanize small businesses and fuel demand for new skills, and expressed optimism on the prospects of the country’s software outsourcing giants.
人工智能还将推动创纪录的融资规模，前英国首相里希·苏纳克表示，科技公司有望在明年成为长期债务的最大发行方。“科技公司将成为该债务的净发行方，其规模将超过美国政府。”
AI will also fuel a record amount of fundraising, with technology firms on track to be the biggest issuers of long-term debt next year, former UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said. “The technology companies are going to be bigger net issuers of that debt than the US government is.”
印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪在论坛上的演讲中表示，科技正在改变世界，并以多种方式赋能了全国的公民和初创企业。阅读：莫迪称印度是可信赖的伙伴，因为供应链正被武器化他表示，人工智能正在改变每个行业的运作方式，印度正与世界同步发展，并指出该国拥有超过2000家服务于国际公司的全球能力中心。
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in a speech at the forum, said technology is transforming the world and has empowered citizens and startups across the country in multiple ways. Read: Modi Says India Trusted Partner as Supply Chains Weaponized He said AI is transforming the way every sector functions, and that India has been advancing with the rest of the world, pointing to the over 2,000 global capability centers in the country that service international companies.
“我们不是以牺牲他人为代价而发展。我们是与世界共同发展，为世界而发展，”莫迪说。
“We do not grow at anyone’s cost. We grow with the world, and for the world,” Modi said.