SpaceX于10月13日（星期二）从佛罗里达州发射了一枚Falcon 9火箭，该火箭搭载了一艘名为“Dragon”的货运飞船，飞船上装载了为国际空间站（ISS）上的宇航员准备的物资和科学设备。火箭于美国东部时间上午6:35（格林尼治标准时间10:35）从佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角太空军基地发射升空。据《佛罗里达今日报》报道，原定的发射时间是上午6:33，发射地点为40号发射台。
SpaceX launched a Falcon 9 rocket from Florida on Tuesday, October 13, carrying a Dragon cargo spacecraft filled with supplies and scientific equipment for astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS).The rocket lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida at around 6:35 am EDT (10:35 GMT) on Tuesday. Florida Today reported that the launch was scheduled for 6:33 am from Launch Complex 40. The launch marks the beginning of SpaceX CRS-35, the company's 35th cargo resupply mission under its Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA, according to Space.com.
根据Space.com的报道，这次发射标志着SpaceX商业补给服务（CRS-35）任务的开始——这是该公司根据与美国宇航局（NASA）签订的合同执行的第35次货运补给任务。此次任务将为在国际空间站工作的宇航员提供必要的生活物资、研究设备以及科学实验所需的器材，这些物资将帮助他们满足日常需求并继续开展太空研究。
The mission will send essential supplies, research equipment and scientific experiments to astronauts living and working aboard the ISS. The cargo will help support their daily needs and ongoing research in space, according to Space.com and Florida Today. SpaceX launch today: Supplies for ISS astronautsThe Dragon spacecraft is carrying approximately 6,300 to 6,500 pounds of supplies and scientific equipment, equivalent to around 2,860 to 2,948 kilograms, according to Space.com and Florida Today.
根据Space.com和《佛罗里达今日报》的报道，“Dragon”飞船上携带的物资总重量约为6,300至6,500磅（约2,860至2,948公斤）。飞船上最重要的货物之一是国际空间站使用的“可展开太阳能电池板”（International Space Station Roll-Out Solar Arrays, iROSAs）；这些太阳能电池板将有助于增加空间站的电力供应。
The two publications provided slightly different estimates of the cargo's total weight. One of the important items aboard the spacecraft is the final set of International Space Station Roll-Out Solar Arrays (iROSAs). These solar arrays will help increase the space station's power supply, according to Space.com. SpaceX Dragon cargo: Experiments for health researchThe mission will also carry scientific equipment to help researchers study ways to improve human health.
此外，此次任务还携带了用于健康研究的科学设备。根据NASA官员在10月7日发布的CRS-35任务预告中提到的内容，其中一项实验将研究如何在微重力环境下制造人工视网膜，这可能为科学家们开发恢复地球人类视力的方法提供帮助。飞船上还携带了用于制造3D心脏组织模型的材料。
One experiment will focus on manufacturing artificial retinas in microgravity, or very low-gravity conditions, which could help scientists develop ways to restore vision on Earth, according to NASA officials in a CRS-35 launch preview published on October 7. Amazon Prime refund update: Who gets up to $200 and when will payments arrive? The spacecraft will also carry materials to create 3D heart tissue models.
这些模型有望帮助研究人员在未来太空任务中改进药物测试方法。另一项实验将研究新型玻璃在微重力环境下的形成过程。据NASA官员称，科学家们希望了解材料在太空中的行为与在地球上的表现有何不同。根据《佛罗里达今日报》的报道，龙飞船（Dragon spacecraft）还将运送脑类器官（brain organoids）——这些是在实验室中培养出的小型脑组织模型。研究人员将通过研究这些脑类器官来寻找治疗阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和多发性硬化症等神经退行性疾病的潜在靶点。
These models could help researchers improve drug testing during future space missions. Another experiment will study how a new type of glass forms in microgravity. Scientists hope to understand how materials behave differently in space compared with conditions on Earth, according to NASA officials. The Dragon spacecraft will also transport brain organoids, which are small, lab-grown models of brain tissue. Researchers will study them to identify possible treatment targets for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis.
此次任务还包括一项由佛罗里达理工大学学生开发的实验。不过，《佛罗里达今日报》并未在提供的报告中详细说明这项学生实验的具体内容。
The mission will include an experiment developed by students at Florida Tech, according to Florida Today. The publication did not provide further details about the student experiment in the supplied report.
SpaceX今天的发射计划：与国际空间站的对接时间如果一切按计划进行，龙飞船预计将于10月15日（星期四）上午11点（美国东部时间，即格林尼治标准时间下午3点）抵达国际空间站（ISS）。据Space.com报道，该飞船将自主对接到空间站“和谐号”（Harmony module）面向太空的对接端口；不过《佛罗里达今日报》则认为飞船可能会对接到空间站的“天顶号”（Zenith Port）。
SpaceX launch today: ISS docking timeThe Dragon spacecraft is expected to reach the ISS on Thursday, October 15, at around 11 a.m. EDT (3 p.m. GMT), provided the mission proceeds as planned. Space.com reported that the spacecraft is expected to dock autonomously at the space-facing port of the station's Harmony module. Florida Today reported that the spacecraft is expected to dock at the ISS's Zenith Port.
这一对接位置是在NASA的SpaceX Crew-12任务结束之后才确定的。Crew-12任务中的龙飞船及其宇航员于10月8日返回地球，在加州海岸附近降落。而10月1日从卡纳维拉尔角发射的Crew-13任务的宇航员，则将接收CRS-35任务运送的物资。
The docking location became available after NASA's SpaceX Crew-12 mission departed from the space station. The Crew-12 Dragon spacecraft and its astronauts returned to Earth on October 8, splashing down off the California coast after spending nearly eight months aboard the ISS. The astronauts from Crew-13, which launched from Cape Canaveral on October 1, will receive the supplies delivered by the CRS-35 mission, Florida Today reported.
SpaceX猎鹰9号火箭的回收与龙飞船的返回猎鹰9号火箭的第一级助推器在与火箭分离后，预计会返回位于发射台附近的40号着陆区。其返回过程中可能会在佛罗里达州中部地区产生音爆现象。在完成货物运输后，龙飞船将继续与国际空间站保持连接，大约一个月的时间。
SpaceX Falcon 9 booster landing and Dragon returnThe Falcon 9 rocket's first-stage booster is expected to return to Landing Zone 40, near the launch pad, after separating from the rocket. Its return could produce sonic booms across parts of Central Florida. After delivering its cargo, the Dragon spacecraft will remain attached to the ISS for about a month.
据Space.com报道，该飞船将搭载各项科学实验成果及其他空间站设备返回地球。与其他多款货运飞船不同，SpaceX的“龙”飞船能够将实验设备及科研材料安全送回地球，这对那些需要回收实验样本以开展后续研究的科研人员而言至关重要。目前为国际空间站提供物资服务的货运飞船还包括俄罗斯的“进步”号、日本的HTV-X以及诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司研制的“天鹅座XL”号。
It will then return to Earth carrying scientific experiments and other equipment from the space station, according to Space.com. Unlike several other cargo spacecraft, SpaceX's Dragon can bring equipment and scientific materials back to Earth. This makes it important for researchers who need to recover experiments for further study. Russia's Progress spacecraft, Japan's HTV-X and Northrop Grumman's Cygnus XL are other cargo spacecraft that serve the ISS.
不过这些飞船均为一次性使用型，完成任务后便会在进入地球大气层时焚毁。此次CRS-35任务属于NASA为维持国际空间站物资供应、助力太空科学研究而实施的系列计划之一。据NASA发布的任务简介，此次运送的物资包含发电设备、医学研究工具及材料科学实验器材，有助于宇航员继续开展那些有望造福地球人类的各项实验。
However, these spacecraft are expendable and burn up in Earth's atmosphere after completing their missions. The CRS-35 mission is part of NASA's ongoing effort to keep the ISS supplied and support scientific research in space. Its cargo includes equipment for power generation, medical research and materials science, helping astronauts continue experiments that could benefit people on Earth, according to NASA's mission preview.