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人工智能最大的威胁在于我们觉得自己对此毫无发言权。对此我要说:那就来吧The biggest threat from AI is the sense that we have no say in it. To that I say game on

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唐纳德·特朗普上月在华盛顿特区白宫与科技高管就人工智能举行会议后。摄影:肯特·西村/法新社/盖蒂图片社Donald Trump after a meeting with technology executives about artificial intelligence at the White House in Washington DC last month. Photograph: Kent Nishimura/AFP/Getty Images

在推动民粹主义浪潮的诸多因素中,最为强大的便是那种所谓“进步不可阻挡”的宿命论观念。将未来描绘成既定事实的做法,实际上剥夺了民众参与决策的权利,从而毒害了整个公民社会。

f all the drivers of the populist wave, one of the most powerful is the sense of inevitability that surrounds what we are told is the march of progress. In presenting the future as a fait accompli, it poisons the civic well by dealing us out of the game.

尽管美国仍维持着世界上最古老的宪政民主国家地位,但科技巨头与白宫之间形成的邪恶联盟却正在打造一个完全脱离民众意愿的人工智能新现实。关于技术发展的速度与方向,特朗普与科技巨头们一致认定:我们必须全力加速推进,摒弃一切监管措施,才能在这场定义模糊的竞赛中“胜出”——最终造出一个“装在盒子里的神”。这个日渐衰落的帝国如此肆无忌惮地行使权力,却为我们所有人创造了全新的现实环境。

While the US clings on to its status as the oldest constitutional democracy, the unholy alliance between the tech overlords and the White House is creating its own AI reality untethered to the will of the people On the velocity and trajectory of the technology, Trump and the tech overlords have determined we must hit the accelerator and dispense with guardrails to "win" an ill-defined race to build a god in a box. This reckless exercise of power from a waning empire has created its own reality for all of us.

在澳大利亚,政府认定:在这样一个混乱的世界里,我们唯有紧紧抓住这股科技浪潮才能掌控局势。我们之于美国科技数据产业,就如同沙特之于石油产业:利用可再生能源为沙漠中的大型数据中心供电,将太阳能转化为人工智能专用代币,再输送至亚洲市场——这将成为推动国家繁荣的新兴出口产业。

In Australia, the government has determined that the only way we can exercise control in a world of such chaos is to grab on to this juggernaut. We become to US tech data what the Saudis are to oil; using renewables to power massive centres in the desert, converting solar into AI tokens and piping them up to Asia, a new export industry that will power our common wealth.

从“进步不可阻挡”的论调来看,这一战略似乎合乎逻辑。据说,若不如此,澳大利亚就只能沦为硅谷的附庸国。

Within the inevitability doctrine this strategy has logic. The alternative, we are told, is to become a client state to Silicon Valley.

然而在追求这一愿景的过程中,我们却可能忽视自身行为所带来的可预见的后果。

But in pursuing this vision we risk being blinded to the foreseeable consequences of what we areg ourselves up to.

我们正在打造的产业通过取代劳动力来获取价值;它建立在窃取创作者劳动成果的基础之上;其缺乏监管的应用正造成种种不可容忍的危害,尤其在战争地区;它对能源与水资源的需求永无止境;甚至连其创造者都坦言:这项技术极有可能毁灭人类。

The industry we are building derives value by replacing workers, it has been built on the stolen work of creators, its unregulated deployment is causing unconscionable harms particularly in theatres of war, it has an insatiable thirst for energy and water, while even its creators say there's a not insignificant chance it will destroy humanity.

“不可避免论”要求我们只能屈服,而不能认真探讨并协商各种权衡方案。这种民主的假象最终引发了民粹主义的强烈反弹。在美国,班农所代表的右翼势力与桑德斯所代表的左翼势力正联手阻止大规模数据中心的建设,这正是当下一场及时的政治反思的体现。近几周来,一些迹象表明类似情况也开始在澳大利亚出现。

The "inevitability doctrine" demands we concede rather than properly explore and negotiate these trade-offs. This facade of democracy leads to its populist backlash. We are seeing this in the US where the Bannon right and Sanders left are joining forces to block the scale out of datacentres, part of a broader and timely political reckoning. A few things have been happening over recent weeks to suggest something similar is starting to happen here.

首先,尽管澳大利亚人广泛使用各类人工智能工具,但他们对技术的态度仍极为审慎,对所谓的“技术巨头”也缺乏好感。GetUp组织成功发起了一场反对科尔斯超市与帕兰蒂尔公司合作的运动——帕兰蒂尔是一家向美国军方提供软件的公司,这些软件被用于轰炸儿童以及协助移民执法部门追踪民众行踪。这一案例充分暴露了那些过度亲近此类“技术巨头”的品牌所面临的巨大风险。

First, Australians who despite their high take-up of some AI tools remain among the world's most sceptical, have a low tolerance for tech overlords. GetUp's successful campaign against Coles' partnership with Palantir, the data company that licenses its software to the US military who bomb children and immigration officials to track individuals, shows the vulnerability of public brands who lean in too close to the beast.

凯拉·汤普森与一个在塔斯马尼亚州圣伦纳兹反对Firmus AI数据中心的活动团体成员。摄影:莎拉·罗兹/《卫报》Kayla Thompson with members of a group campaigning against a Firmus AI datacentre at St Leonards, Tasmania. Photograph: Sarah Rhodes/The Guardian

其次,那些作品被盗用以训练人工智能模型、从而可能损害自身未来职业前景的创作者们也正在坚决抗争。他们理所当然地感到愤慨,绝不会轻易接受任何类似“大赦”性质的安排。他们要求获得作品被盗用的补偿,同时希望建立一套机制,让自己能够掌控作品的使用条件。

Second, creators whose work has been stolen to train models that will diminish the value of their future careers are standing their ground. They are rightly aggrieved and won't just wave through anything that feels like an amnesty. They are demanding compensation for the theft of their work as well as an ongoing model to give them control over the terms of its use.

更为重要的或许是Firmus公司的IPO计划最终告吹——该计划原本有望成为继澳洲电信之后澳大利亚规模最大的首次公开募股。公司决定放弃上市,正值其位于悉尼的数据中心项目因当地社区的强烈反对而被迫取消,这也是首个因社区压力而夭折的大型数据中心项目。此次IPO失败的原因可能有很多,包括外界对其贪婪行为的指责;但毫无疑问,公众对数据中心日益强烈的抵触情绪也让许多人对大规模数据中心建设的前景产生了疑虑。

Even more significant may be the failure of the Firmus IPO which was to have been the biggest Australian float since Telstra. The decision not to list the company followed the withdrawal of a datacentre in Sydney, the first major project to fall over due to local community pressure. There are a range of possible reasons the bid failed, including accusations of greed but surely the growing community backlash to datacentres had some scratching their heads about the prospects of a hyper-scale out.

消费者、创作者以及社区民众都在挑战“不可避免论”这一说辞。他们的种种行动共同构成了对这一论调的有力反击,也表明我们的民主机制尚未彻底失效。

Consumers, creators, communities are all challenging the "inevitability" storyline. Together they add up to a series of counter-punches that suggest our democratic faculties have not yet been fully exhausted.

但“不可避免性论”依然具有很强的影响力;任何反对这种趋势的努力都必须持续进行下去。因为这些公司拥有足够的资源、影响力,以及强烈的自身利益驱动力,他们会像失控的AI系统一样全力以赴地实现自己的目标。

But the "inevitability doctrine" is durable and any pushback will need to be ongoing, because these companies have the resources, influence and bald self-interest to pursue their objectives with all the commitment of an AI agent gone rogue.

这项技术对民主制度构成的最大威胁,并不在于那些未经测试、也未受到监管的技术被恶意利用(尽管这种情况确实极具破坏性),而在于我们完全无法对自身所遭遇的一切做出任何决定或表达意见。目前,这场博弈完全由这些公司主导着。

The biggest danger to our democracy this technology poses is not in the cynical misuse of an untested and unregulated deployment (although this will be hugely destructive) but in the broader sense that we have no say in what is happening to us. Right now, its game on.

在接下来的几周里,我们的议会将会就隐私保护改革、数据中心的运营标准,以及政府如何使用这项技术等问题展开激烈讨论;在工作场所,人们将围绕技术的使用方式、监控机制以及技术可能带来的就业替代问题展开争论;在学校和社交圈子里,人们也会就是否应该使用这些机器人或智能辅助系统进行真正的讨论。

In our parliament over the coming weeks there will be fights to land privacy reform, a digital duty of care, standards on datacentres and rules on how governments will use the technology on its citizens. In workplaces there will be struggles over usage, surveillance and displacement. In our schools and social circles, real negotiations on how we choose to use the bots and agents, or whether we need to use them at all.

我知道这一切令人感到疲惫不堪、难以应对,而这正是那些科技巨头及其高薪代言人所期望的——他们希望我们最终会失去抵抗的勇气,转而接受那些旨在满足我们所有欲望的用户体验。

I know it's exhausting and overwhelming and that is what the tech bros and their highly paid sock puppets are banking on, that we just all run out of steam and seek refuge in the user experiences designed to meet our every desire.

然而,我们中的许多人确实怀有强烈的抵抗情绪。只要我们仍然是一个民主国家,我们就可以通过投票来要求那些自诩为我们领导者的人,对这种“一切都是命中注定的”观念提出质疑。因为事实上:“不可避免性”其实也是一种选择。

But the resistance many of us feel is real and, so long as we remain a democracy, it will be at the ballot box where we will have the opportunity to demand those who purport to lead us challenge this sense of the inevitable. Because here's the thing: inevitability is also a choice.

彼得·刘易斯(Peter Lewis)是Essential公司的非执行董事长,这是一家致力于战略沟通与研究的进步型企业;在上次联邦选举期间,该公司为工党提供了相关的定性研究支持。他同时也是每周播客节目《Burning Platforms》的主持人,其专栏《Proudly Human》也广受关注。

Peter Lewis is non-executive chair of Essential, a progressive strategic communications and research company that undertook qualitative research for Labor in the last federal election. He is the host of the weekly podcast Burning Platforms His columns are accredited Proudly Human