新敦兹路（Newtownards Road）东贝尔法斯特的一幅UVF壁画，此后已被爱德华·卡森（Edward Carson）的图像取代。
A UVF mural on Newtownards Road in east Belfast, since replaced with images of Edward Carson.
摄影：霍斯特·弗里德里希斯/Alamy 英国和爱尔兰政府“应就北爱尔兰准军事组织解散进行谈判” 报告指出，忠派和共和派团体参与的正式进程存在“机遇之窗” 英国和爱尔兰政府应与北爱尔兰的准军事组织接触，以谈判其解散，一份报告如是指出。
Photograph: Horst Friedrichs/Alamy British and Irish governments ‘should negotiate paramilitary disbandment in Northern Ireland’ Report finds ‘window of opportunity’ for formal process involving loyalist and republican groups The British and Irish governments should engage with paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland to negotiate their disbandment, according to a report.
该报告称，若满足一定条件，则存在建立忠派和共和派团体正式过渡机制的“机遇之窗”。
A “window of opportunity” exists to establish a formal transition mechanism for loyalist and republican groups, provided certain conditions are met, it said.
由两国政府委托并于周二发布的《准军事组织过渡至解散独立报告》指出，这些团体不应因参与该进程而获得财务回报。
The Independent Report on Paramilitary Group Transition to Disbandment, commissioned by both governments and published on Tuesday, said groups should not receive financial rewards for engaging in the process.
报告作者、荷兰冲突解决专家弗勒尔·拉文斯伯根（Fleur Ravensbergen）在贝尔法斯特表示：“我得出结论，正式的准军事组织过渡进程具有足够的价值和支持。” 拉文斯伯根表示，她在为期一年的范围勘查期间发现，准军事组织中存在“显著的参与意愿”。
Fleur Ravensbergen, a Dutch conflict resolution expert who authored the report, said in Belfast: “I have concluded that there is sufficient merit in and support for a formal process of paramilitary group transition.”Ravensbergen said she found “significant willingness to engage” among paramilitaries during a year-long scoping exercise.
她补充道：“在将‘解散’视为过渡进程终点的术语上，支持度有限。然而，对解散的反对似乎更多源于措辞本身，而非对过渡应实现目标的分歧。” 准军事组织本应在1998年《贝尔法斯特协议》（又称《好星期五协议》）之后逐渐消散，但有些组织得以存续并演变为涉及毒品交易、敲诈勒索和胁迫控制的盈利性企业。
She added: “There was limited support for the term ‘disbandment’ as the endpoint of a transition process. However, objections to disbandment appeared to be less about what transition should achieve and more about the wording.”Paramilitary groups were expected to fade after the 1998 Good Friday agreement but some endured and evolved into lucrative enterprises involved in drug dealing, extortion and coercive control.
拉文斯伯根表示，就过渡进程达成一致比用于描述解散的术语更为重要。她是阿姆斯特丹大学冲突解决与治理讲师。
Agreeing a transition process was more important than the terminology used to describe disbandment, said Ravensbergen, a lecturer in conflict resolution and governance at the University of Amsterdam.
她说：“我认为，准军事结构的持续存在、持续漂移以及无序分裂所带来的风险，大于试图开展有结构且有时限的过渡进程所伴随的风险。不行动不是中性选择。我的磋商表明，存在一个推动进一步进展的机遇窗口，但该窗口可能随时间推移而削弱。”
She said: “I believe that the risks of the persistence of paramilitary structures, continued drift and unmanaged fragmentation outweigh the risks associated with attempting a structured and time-bound transition process. Inaction is not a neutral option. My consultations suggest that a window of opportunity exists to pursue further progress, but that this may weaken over time.”
秘书克里斯·布赖恩特感谢拉文斯贝根，并表示政府致力于结束准军事主义。布赖恩特说：“虽然这些组织可能自称为社区的保护者，但他们主要从事犯罪活动，包括贩毒、勒索和恐吓，给他们自称要保护的社区带来祸害。他们持续的影响是我们集体良心上的污点。”他说政府将审议该报告，并在回应所提出的过渡机制之前，与都柏林当局进行协商。
Chris Bryant, the secretary, thanked Ravensbergen and said the government was committed to ending paramilitarism Bryant said: “While these groups may pose as protectors of their communities, they are largely engaged in criminality including drug dealing, extortion and intimidation, blighting the very communities they perversely claim to protect. Their continued influence is a stain on our collective conscience.”He said the government would consider the report and liaise with authorities in Dublin before responding to the proposed transition mechanism.
他补充道：“报告表明，任何进程的实施都将面临挑战，并需要北爱尔兰政治界各方的支持。”北爱尔兰司法部长、联盟党成员娜奥米·朗去年批评拉文斯贝根被任命为协调人，称与准军事组织和犯罪帮派的接触可能赋予它们一种合法性的外表。
He added: “It is evident from the report that the implementation of any process will face challenges and will need the support from across the political community in Northern Ireland.”Naomi Long, Northern Ireland’s justice minister and a member of the Alliance party, criticised Ravensbergen’s appointment as an interlocutor last year, saying engagement with paramilitaries and criminal gangs risked giving them a veneer of legitimacy.
朗当时表示：“准军事组织可以转变为守法实体的想法早已超越了可信度的范围。他们不能继续被视为真正致力于改革——这一时机早已过去。”报告未指出具体个人或组织，因为讨论是在保密基础上进行的。
Long said at the time: “The idea that paramilitary groups can transition into law-abiding entities has long since moved beyond the point of credibility. They cannot continue to be treated as if they are genuinely committed to reform – that moment passed long ago.”The report did not identify individuals or specific organisations because discussions were held on a confidential basis.
报告指出：“不同准军事组织、社区以及地理区域之间的准军事势力的性质、范围及其影响存在显著差异。然而，显而易见的是，残余的准军事势力仍在某些社区中造成危害。”拉文斯贝格伦表示，任何过渡机制都需要具备可靠的监督机制来评估进展情况，并需要强有力的执法措施来确保秩序的稳定。
It said: “The nature, extent and impact of paramilitary influence vary considerably between paramilitary groups, communities and geographical areas. However, it is clear that residual paramilitary structures continue to cause harm in some communities.”Ravensbergen said a transition mechanism would need credible monitoring and verification of progress and robust law enforcement.
她拒绝就最近在波特当（Portadown）的加瓦吉路（Garvaghy Road）发生的橙色秩序组织（Orange Order）与当地民族主义居民之间的对峙事件发表评论，称该事件超出了报告的讨论范围。有观点认为，围绕德拉姆克里游行（Drumcree Parade）的紧张局势可能会加剧准军事组织的招募活动。
She declined to comment on the recent standoff between the Orange Order and nationalist residents at Garvaghy Road in Portadown, saying it was outside the report’s remit. There is speculation that renewed tension over the Drumcree parade may boost paramilitary recruitment.