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“幽灵”喷气动力无人机瞄准低成本、多任务、单次使用Specter Jet-Powered Drone Aims At Low Cost, Multi-Mission, Single Use

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杰米·亨特Jamie Hunter

AEVEX公司在华盛顿特区举行的美国陆军协会(AUSA)年度会议上首次公开展示了其“幽灵”喷气动力无人机,《战争地带》在场报道。该机型是这家公司的最新研发成果,而该公司在美军单向攻击无人机项目中扮演了重要角色。最引人注目的是,它制造了2022年紧急送往乌克兰的神秘“凤凰幽灵”系列无人机。

AEVEX Corp. has publicly shown its Specter jet-powered drone for the first time at the Association of the U.S. Army’s (AUSA) annual meeting in Washington, D.C., where TWZ is in attendance . The aircraft is the latest development from a company that has played a significant role in the U.S. military’s one-way attack drone efforts. Most notably, it built the secretive Phoenix Ghost family that was rushed to Ukraine in 2022.

AEVEX于9月宣布了“幽灵”,将其描述为一种高速、低成本、喷气动力的自主平台,专为高风险作战环境设计。该机型围绕模块化架构进行研发,计划推出地面发射和空中发射两种版本。其可互换的机头部分旨在容纳不同的有效载荷,包括动能弹头、电子战设备、情报、监视与侦察(ISR)系统以及其他未来能力。

AEVEX announced Specter in September, describing it as a high-speed, low-cost, jet-powered autonomous platform designed for high-risk operational environments. The aircraft is being developed around a modular architecture, with ground-launched and air-launched variants planned. Its interchangeable nose section is intended to accommodate different payloads, including kinetic warheads, electronic warfare equipment, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) systems, and other future capabilities. The Specter jet-powered drone shown for the first time at the Association of the U.S. Army’s (AUSA) annual meeting in Washington, D.C.

这种灵活性是AEVEX推销该机型的核心卖点。该公司致力于打造一种适应性强的系统,可根据不同作战需求进行配置,同时保持足够低的成本,使其在实战应用中基本上可以当作巡航导弹来使用。

Jamie Hunter That flexibility is central to how AEVEX is pitching the aircraft. The company is aiming for an adaptable system that can be configured for different operational needs while remaining affordable enough to be used basically as a cruise missile in combat applications.

该机型的外部构型特征包括突出的V形下机身、高位安装的不后掠梯形机翼、V形尾翼以及后置保形发动机进气道。显然,低可探测性是“幽灵”的设计驱动因素之一,而如何在生存能力与低成本之间取得平衡很可能也被重点考量。AEVEX尚未公开讨论“幽灵”的低可探测性特征。

The aircraft’s external configuration features a prominent V-shaped lower fuselage, high-mounted, unswept trapezoidal wings, a v-tail and rear-mounted conformal engine intakes. Clearly, low observability was one design driver for Specter, with the goal of balancing survivability with low-cost likely factored in heavily. AEVEX has not publicly discussed Specter’s low-observable characteristics.

“幽灵”喷气动力无人机在华盛顿特区举行的美国陆军协会(AUSA)年会上首次亮相。杰米·亨特The Specter jet-powered drone shown for the first time at the Association of the U.S. Army’s (AUSA) annual meeting in Washington, D.C. Jamie Hunter

该公司也未披露关键的性能和技术细节,包括该机型的航程、有效载荷能力、通信架构、末段瞄准方式或其自主能力的程度。

The company has also not disclosed key performance and technical details, including the aircraft’s range, payload capacity, communications architecture, terminal targeting methods or the extent of its autonomous capabilities.

AEVEX公司提供的“幽灵”飞行渲染图。AEVEX公司 AEVEX公司“我们非常兴奋能够真正提升我们在航程和速度方面的指标,”AEVEX公司代表克雷格·安德斯在AUSA展会期间对TWZ表示,他当时正在介绍“幽灵”的涡轮发动机。他说,该飞机设计目标是达到亚音速范围的速度。

A rendering of the Specter in flight. AEVEX Corp. AEVEX Corp. “We’re really excited to kind of really up our stats on range and speed,” Craig Anders, an AEVEX representative, told TWZ at AUSA, describing Specter’s turbine engine. The aircraft is being designed to reach speeds in the sub-Mach range, he said.

安德斯还详细说明了“幽灵”如何被设计为不仅可携带常规弹头。“这东西将具备携带摄像头以及不同类型非动能效应载荷的能力,”他说,并将其描述为一款“多任务、多域战斗机”。

Anders also elaborated on how Specter is intended to carry more than a conventional warhead. “This thing is going to have the ability to carry cameras and different types of non-kinetic effect payloads,” he said, describing it as a “multi-mission, multi-domain fighter.”

“幽灵”飞行中的效果图。AEVEX公司。AEVEX公司。A rendering of the Specter in flight. AEVEX Corp. AEVEX Corp.

尽管任务范围更广,消耗性仍是这一概念的核心部分。安德斯说,其理念是让该飞机具备可消耗性,相对较低的造价使指挥官能够将其派往更纵深的危险区域,而无需让更昂贵的能力冒险。

Despite that broader mission set, attrition remains a core part of the concept. Anders said the idea was for the aircraft to be attritable, with a relatively low price tag allowing commanders to send it farther into dangerous areas without putting more expensive capabilities at risk.

这一区别很重要。“幽灵”并非仅仅被展示为一种一次性弹药,也不是一款高端无人作战飞机。相反,AEVEX似乎正在追求一条中间路线:一种喷气动力平台,既能执行单程攻击任务,也能根据配置支持侦察并在高威胁区域提供其他效应。它还旨在实现经济性的大规模生产。

The distinction is important. Specter is not being presented simply as a disposable munition, nor as a high-end unmanned combat aircraft. Instead, AEVEX appears to be pursuing a middle ground: a jet-powered platform that can perform one-way attack missions but also support reconnaissance and provide other effects in high-threat areas, depending on its configuration. It is also meant to be built economically at scale.

AEVEX正与Divergent公司共同开发“幽灵”。Divergent是一家以数字生产工艺和金属增材制造闻名的工程与制造公司。这一合作旨在帮助该飞机更容易实现规模化制造,同时支持其设计和配置的变更。

AEVEX is developing Specter with Divergent, an engineering and manufacturing company known for its digital production processes and metal additive manufacturing. The partnership is intended to help make the aircraft easier to manufacture at scale while supporting changes to its design and configuration.

安德斯说,Divergent与AEVEX的工程师合作进行该飞机的数字设计,并生产其机身。他解释说,AEVEX负责内部系统、任务集成、飞行特性和导航科学。

Anders said Divergent works with AEVEX engineers on the aircraft’s digital design and produces its fuselage. AEVEX is responsible for the internal systems, mission integration, flight characteristics and navigation science, he explained.

制造方式是该计划实现成本可负担目标的重要组成部分。AEVEX 表示,Divergent 的数字制造与生产系统(DAPS)正用于支持可扩展的生产和可制造性。然而,双方尚未披露 Specter 的预计单价,也未证明其能够以概念最终所需的批量和价格进行生产。

The manufacturing approach is a significant part of the program’s affordability ambitions. AEVEX says Divergent’s Digital Manufacturing and Production System (DAPS) is being used to support scalable production and manufacturability. However, the companies have not disclosed Specter’s projected unit cost or demonstrated that it can yet be produced at the volumes and prices the concept ultimately requires.

AEVEX 还借助其 CompassX 自动驾驶架构以及交付数千套自主系统的经验。该公司称,Specter 的开放接口和软件定义能力旨在使平台能够随作战需求的变化而演进,而不是围绕单一固定任务进行优化。

AEVEX is also drawing on its CompassX autonomy architecture and experience delivering thousands of autonomous systems. The company says Specter’s open interfaces and software-defined capabilities are intended to allow the platform to evolve as operational requirements change, rather than being optimized around one fixed mission.

Specter 仍在研发中,计划于 2026 年 12 月进行首次飞行。Anders 说,首次飞行将是一次基础测试,早期测试机将装配起落装置,以便回收并用于飞行特性和操控性的后续工作。目前尚不清楚未来是否会推出真正可重复使用、配备起落装置的作战版本。无论如何,后续测试可能包括调校飞机的俯冲曲线。

Specter remains in development, with its first flight planned for December 2026. Anders said the initial flight would be a basic test, with early test aircraft fitted with landing gear so they can be recovered and reused for work on flight characteristics and handling. It isn’t clear if a truly reusable gear-equipped operational version is eyed for the future. Regardless, further testing could include tuning the aircraft’s dive profile.

计划中的初始配置采用地面火箭助推(RATO)发射系统。Anders 还表示,空射版本也在路线图上,预计将在相对近期实现。

The planned initial configuration uses a ground launch assisted by a rocket, or rocket-assisted takeoff (RATO), system. An air-launched version is also on the roadmap, Anders said, with that capability expected to follow in the relatively near term.

AEVEX 正在探索多种潜在的军用应用。Anders 将美国陆军的“可负担大批量导弹系列”(Family of Affordable Mass Missiles,FAMM)项目视为主要关注点,同时指出该军种有其自身的高速需求。他还表示,公司正在研究与 Rapid Dragon 以及其他项目相关的机会。

AEVEX is pursuing several potential military applications. Anders identified the U.S. Army’s Family of Affordable Mass Missiles (FAMM) effort as a primary focus, while noting that the service has its own high-speed requirements. He also said the company is looking at opportunities associated with Rapid Dragon and other programs.

在2027财年,美国空军正在请求5500万美元的自愿性拨款和3亿美元的强制性(协调)资金,用于采购1000枚完整弹药的“经济型大规模导弹系列”(FAMM),以覆盖托盘式(FAMM-P)和挂架式(FAMM-L)两种变体。…这些评论表明AEVEX希望“幽灵”飞机能够应对的应用范围,而并非表示该飞机已被选中用于任何具体用途。其性能、成本以及满足特定需求的能力,仍需随着研发和测试的进展来验证。

In FY 2027, the US Air Force is requesting $55 Million in discretionary and $300 Million in mandatory (reconciliation) funds for the Family of Affordable Mass Missile (FAMM) to procure 1,000 All Up Rounds covering both the Palletized (FAMM-P) and Lugged (FAMM-L) variants. The…pic.twitter.com/EgVaefmJgY — Air-Power | NatSec Ledger (@NatSecLedger) April 22, 2026 Those comments indicate the range of applications AEVEX hopes Specter could address, not that the aircraft has been selected for any of them. Its performance, cost and ability to meet specific requirements will need to be demonstrated as development and testing progress.

Specter 计划将喷气推进、可牺牲性和模块化有效载荷相结合,这可能提供一种诱人的平衡。它既不被宣传为高端的“精致”巡航导弹,也不局限于只携带单一类型的有效载荷。AEVEX 的挑战在于提供足够的速度、航程和任务灵活性,使飞机在多种角色中都能发挥作用,同时又不将其价格推高到运营商无法为大规模采购提供正当理由的程度。

Specter’s intended combination of jet propulsion, attritability and modular payloads could offer an enticing balance. It is not being presented as a higher-end ‘exquisite’ cruise missile, but neither is it limited to carrying a single payload type. The challenge for AEVEX will be delivering enough speed, range and mission flexibility to make the aircraft useful across multiple roles without pushing its price beyond what operators can justify for procuring it in large numbers.

一种像“幽灵”一样采用喷气动力的隐身武器,可针对各类单程任务进行配置,能够填补更先进、更昂贵的自主飞行器和巡航导弹与低端单程攻击无人机之间的空白。也曾出现过与“幽灵”类似的概念,我们正处于某种低成本巡航导弹的爆发期,但该公司在单程攻击弹药领域独特的创新传承和快速实战部署能力,可能会让“幽灵”更具可信度。联系作者:thomas@thewarzone.com本文《“幽灵”喷气动力无人机瞄准低成本、多任务、单次使用》首发于 TWZ。

A stealthy weapon that is jet-powered like Specter, one that can be configured for various types of one-way missions, could bridge the gap between far more advanced and costly autonomous aircraft and cruise missiles and lower-end one-way attack drones. There have been other concepts that are similar to Specter, we are living in a low-cost cruise missile explosion of sorts, but the company’s unique pedigree of innovation and fast fielding in the one-way attack munition space could give Specter additional credence. Contact the author: thomas@thewarzone.com The post Specter Jet-Powered Drone Aims At Low Cost, Multi-Mission, Single Use appeared first on TWZ .