
萨布丽娜·杰尔曼当然有政治观点。但作为佐治亚州查塔姆县的选民登记主管,谈论政治就像在交通中跳霹雳舞。“我不和任何人谈论政治,”杰尔曼说;她知道得更清楚。
It’s not that Sabrina German doesn’t have political views. But as the director of voter registration for Chatham county, Georgia, talking politics is like breakdancing in traffic. “I don’t talk politics with anyone,” says German; she knows better.
美国的党派雷区已经训练了全国大多数人——除了你在婚礼和葬礼上会躲着的那位叔叔——在礼貌场合变得相当擅长政治外交的艺术。
America’s partisan minefield has trained much of the country – aside from that one uncle you avoid at weddings and funerals – to get pretty good at the art of political diplomacy in polite company.
但在该领域工作了30年后,杰尔曼不仅仅是“相当擅长”。面对似乎无处不在的政治,她试图在这些正在全国范围内掀起的两极化辩论中保持“无处可寻”。
But after 30 years in her field, German is more than pretty good. With politics seemingly everywhere, she tries to be nowhere in the polarized debates gripping the country.
毕竟,杰尔曼负责登记选民并帮助监督选举——这是全国数千名官员共同参与的一项工作。如果人们不知道你有任何党派倾向,那么反驳那些为推进自身党派利益而指控你作弊的指控就会容易得多。
German is, after all, responsible foring voters and helping to oversee elections – one of thousands of officials engaged in this effort nationwide. It’s easier to rebut accusations of cheating to advance your own partisan interests if people don’t know you have any.
在佐治亚州,有一支由选举否认者和政治活动家组成的队伍,随时准备抓住包括杰尔曼在内的选举官员的把柄,指控他们失误和错误——无论这些是真实的、被感知到的,还是完全编造的。
A brigade of election deniers and political activists in Georgia stand ready to pounce on elections officials including German, alleging missteps and mistakes – whether they are real, perceived or entirely made up.
杰尔曼说,她的生活——从志愿者工作到个人关系——都是为了避开政治而构建的。她曾多次在有人开始谈论政治时离开房间。
Her life, from volunteer work to personal relationships, is constructed to avoid politics, German said. She has walked out of more than one room when someone started talking politics.
“你可以把人们从他们自以为想谈论的话题上引开,然后开始谈论别的事情,”格曼在采访中说。“你开始谈论的方式是,你先告诉他们你的办公室是做什么的,以及你能为他们做什么,而不是顺着他们的政治立场说。所以,一旦你解释了能为他们做什么,并且态度端正,我认为大多数人都会尊重这一点。”
“You can sway people away from the topic which they think they want to talk about, and then you can start talking about something else,” German says in an interview. “The way you start talking about it, you begin to tell them what your office does and what you can do for them versus feeding into their politics. And so, once you explain what you can do for them, and you do it in a decent form, I think most people, they’re respectful of that.”After growing up in McClellanville, a tiny town of fewer than 1,000 on the South Carolina coast near Charleston, German, 56, has been in the elections field in Savannah, Georgia, since October 1996, working her way up from an absentee ballot clerk to head of the registration office.

格曼现年56岁,在南卡罗来纳州海岸查尔斯顿附近、人口不足1000人的小镇麦克莱兰维尔长大,自1996年10月起就在佐治亚州萨凡纳从事选举工作,从缺席选票职员一路晋升为登记办公室主任。
Since last year, she has served as president of the Georgia Association of Voter Registration and Election Officials (Gavreo). In states without a critical mass of election skeptics, German’s leadership of such a professional organization might largely focus on mundane career development activities, parsing legislation and crafting best practices for media-shy election officials.
去年以来,她担任佐治亚州选民登记与选举官员协会(GAVREO)主席。在没有大量选举怀疑论者的州,格曼领导这样一个专业组织,工作重心可能主要集中在平凡的职业发展活动上,比如研读立法、为不愿面对媒体的选举官员制定最佳实践。
But this is Georgia. If this year’s midterm elections unfold in the same fashion as the 2020 presidential election in the state, German will be in the middle of the fray.
但这是佐治亚州。如果今年的中期选举像2020年该州总统大选那样发展,格曼将身处风暴中心。
Two poll workers in Fulton county – Ruby Freeman and her daughter Shaye Moss – endured years of death threats after appearing in a viral video from election night that Trump partisans used to falsely accuse them of election fraud as the US president denied the result.
富尔顿县两名投票站工作人员——鲁比·弗里曼及其女儿谢伊·莫斯——在大选夜出现在一段病毒式传播的视频中后,遭受了长达数年的死亡威胁。特朗普的支持者利用该视频虚假指控她们舞弊,当时美国总统拒不承认选举结果。
Gavreo is a forum for the primal scream of poll clerks trying their best to stay out of the news. German’s role is to put a face to elections workers who have been on the receiving end of a years-long crusade to impugn their honor.
GAVREO是投票站职员们竭力避免上新闻、发泄心声的论坛。格曼的角色是为那些多年来遭受运动式攻击、名誉受损的选举工作人员立起一个形象。
German thinks about when she may have to defend the next Freeman. “In the position that I am in … you definitely want to stand by a person like Ruby Freeman, because you know the work that they’re doing, and you know their heart for the business,” she says. “It’s not political: it’s just that they have a heart for people, and they want to make sure that the voters are served.
German 思考着自己可能何时不得不为下一位 Freeman 挺身而出。“身处我的位置……你绝对想支持像 Ruby Freeman 这样的人,因为你知道她们在做什么工作,也知道她们对这份事业的赤诚之心,”她说。“这不是政治问题:只是她们有一颗为民服务的心,想要确保选民得到服务。
“And I mean, and not sure about other counties, but I know here in Chatham county, we couldn’t do the work that we do if we didn’t have poll workers like her.”Freeman and Moss won a $148m defamation judgment against Rudy Giuliani, the former New York mayor who promoted the claims against them. The harassment they endured is a lesson for others.

“而且,我不确定其他县的情况如何,但我知道在查塔姆县,如果没有像她这样的投票站工作人员,我们根本无法开展工作。”Freeman 和 Moss 在针对前纽约市长鲁迪·朱利安尼的诽谤诉讼中赢得了 1.48 亿美元的判决赔偿,朱利安尼曾散布针对她们的指控。她们遭受的骚扰给其他人敲响了警钟。
The 2020 election dispute never really ended in Georgia. Undeterred by reality, an army of conservative Trump-supporters have continued to inundate elections offices across the state with voter challenges, diatribes at public hearings and lawsuits.
2020 年大选的争议在佐治亚州从未真正结束。一群保守派特朗普支持者无视现实,持续向全州各地的选举办公室发起选民资质质疑、在公开听证会上发表谩骂式发言并提起诉讼。
In the months leading up to the 2024 election, a single voter – Helen Strahl – personally challenged the registration of more than 1,000 Chatham county voters and sent the registration board the names of more than 20,000 other voters for “list maintenance”.
在 2024 年大选前几个月,单个选民——Helen Strahl——个人就对查塔姆县 1000 多名选民的登记提出质疑,并向登记委员会提交了 2 万多名其他选民的名单,要求进行“名单维护”。
German’s staff needed weeks to manage the deluge, even as it was preparing for the 2024 presidential contest. Strahl claimed to have found people voting in other states and “probably hundreds of dead people, every other month”.
German 的团队花了数周时间处理这堆积如山的材料,同时还在为 2024 年总统大选做准备。Strahl 声称发现有人在其他州投票,以及“可能有数百名死人,每隔几个月就出现一次”。
In an interview Strahl, a Glaswegian American, said she had found German’s demeanor to be a bit cool at first. In a half-hour meeting that stretched to 90 minutes, however, she said German’s manner changed.
在一次采访中,苏格兰裔美国人 Strahl 表示,起初她觉得 German 的态度有点冷淡。然而,在一次原定半小时却延长至 90 分钟的会面中,她说 German 的态度发生了变化。
“At one point, after one of the election board meetings, she actually kind of apologized to me and said that she’d got off on the wrong foot, which took the wind out of my sails,” said Strahl. “She realized that I wasn’t out to stab her in the back. I was actually trying to show her where the problems were.”Strahl has knocked off the mass challenges since then. “I was making a point,” she said. Strahl saves her ire for Georgia’s outgoing secretary of state, Brad Raffensperger, long a target of conservative election activists.

“在一次选举委员会会议结束后,她实际上有点像是在向我道歉,说她一开始就搞砸了,这让我一下子没了脾气,”斯特拉尔说。“她意识到我并不是想在背后捅她一刀。我其实是在试图向她指出问题所在。”从那以后,斯特拉尔不再发起大规模质疑。“我是在证明一个观点,”她说。斯特拉尔把怨气留给了即将卸任的佐治亚州州务卿布拉德·拉芬斯珀格,他是保守派选举活动人士长期攻击的目标。
“I have nothing against her,” Strahl said of German. “I was probably was a pain in the arse asking stupid questions.”Election day starts at 7 am for German and usually ends after 10 pm, she said: however long it takes to get the job done.
“我对她没有任何成见,”斯特拉尔谈到杰尔曼时说。“我大概是个讨厌鬼,老问些蠢问题。”她说,杰尔曼的选举日早上7点开始,通常要到晚上10点以后才结束:无论需要多久,直到把活干完。
“Election day for us is answering phone calls, ensuring that voters that do come in on foot traffic, they’re going to the correct polling places,” she says. “We’re processing absentee ballots, making sure that we input all of the absentee ballots for election night. We’re also making sure that all of our advance voting paperwork is completed.”With critics – from the president of the US down – prepared to challenge the validity of any election result they dislike, such paperwork can be critical.
“我们的选举日就是接听电话,确保亲自前来的选民去正确的投票站,”她说。“我们在处理缺席选票,确保选举之夜录入所有缺席选票。我们还要确保所有提前投票的文书工作都已完成。”面对从美国总统以下的批评者都准备质疑任何他们不喜欢的选举结果的有效性,这些文书工作至关重要。
Election offices should “document everything”, she says, noting that many challenges do not arise for many months after votes are cast. “Your documents are going to be able to tell the story for your office,” she says. “When you go back through a year or two later to read that document, you should be able to flow through what happened here, and then figure out what happened at point A, B and C.” Election day reminds a grind for poll workers.
选举办公室应该“记录一切”,她说,并指出许多质疑往往在投票结束数月后才出现。“你们的文件将能为你们的办公室讲清来龙去脉,”她说。“一两年后回头阅读那些文件时,你应该能梳理出这里发生了什么,进而弄清A、B、C点到底出了什么问题。”选举日对投票站工作人员来说依然是场苦差事。
In Georgia, counties can now start opening and scanning absentee ballots earlier than before, which helps prevent the days-long counting sessions seen in states such as California and Pennsylvania. But election officials must count ballots without stopping until they are done, and they must finish counting absentee ballots by 5pm the day after the election.
在乔治亚州,各县现在可以比以前更早开始开启并扫描缺席选票,这有助于防止加利福尼亚州和宾夕法尼亚州等州出现的数天计票的情况。但选举官员必须连续计票,直至完成,并且必须在选举后第二天的下午5点前计完缺席选票。
Georgia law requires election boards to certify results no later than 5pm on the Monday following the election.
乔治亚州法律要求选举委员会最迟在选举后星期一的下午5点前认证结果。
German worries about the toll that a demand for a perfect election has on rank-and-file poll workers across the state of Georgia. “For me, it’s making sure that we have enough poll workers, making sure that we’re following the letter of the law to the T, making sure that we have enough staffing – well, that’s poll workers – and then also security.”Elections in Georgia require thousands of casual workers: people who come back year after year for a 16-hour shift on election day. In Chatham county, a starting poll clerk is paid the princely sum of $75 for the day. Supervisors may make $320. Poll workers are more likely to be Black, more likely to be women, and more likely to be retirees than the public at large.

German 对于在乔治亚州全州范围内对完美选举的要求对基层投票工作人员造成的压力表示担忧。“对我来说,就是要确保我们有足够的投票工作人员,确保我们严格遵守法律条文,确保我们有足够的人手——这就是投票工作人员——还有安全问题。”乔治亚的选举需要成千上万的临时工作人员:这些人年复一年在选举日工作16小时。
在查塔姆县,初级投票员的日薪为75美元,监督员的薪酬可达320美元。投票工作人员比整体公众更可能是黑人、更可能是女性,也更可能是退休人员。2020年发生的压力仍然挥之不去。
The stress of what happened in 2020 still lingers.
German 并不担心移民与海关执法局(ICE)特工出现在投票站,但担心随机的“活动人士”跟踪投票工作人员回家。“这正是我在谈及安全时最担心的部分,因为我相信在投票站本身,我们的安保已经足够。”萨凡纳的人口中有超过一半是有色人种,且民主党占多数。但乔治亚州的州级领导层坚定地是共和党。这使得 German 处于两个权力基地的拉扯之间,双方都在寻找理由相互指责。
German is not worried about Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents showing up at polling places, but random “activists” following poll workers home. “That’s the part that bothers me most when I talk about security, because I believe that at the polling places, we’ll have more than enough security.”Savannah is a bit more than half people of color, with a large Democratic majority. But Georgia’s state-level leadership is resolutely Republican. That leaves German between the tug and pull of two power bases, each looking for a reason to lob accusations.
她的另一位同行亲身经历了选举官员与此类政治冲突时会发生什么。布鲁克·施赖纳上个月突然辞去查塔姆县选举办公室主任职务,此前据称该县选举委员会对她失去了信心。
One of her counterparts learned the hard way what happens when an elections official falls afoul of such politics. Brook Schreiner resigned abruptly from her role as director of Chatham county’s elections office last month, after the county’s elections board reportedly lost confidence in her.
乔治亚州州选举委员会由共和党人主导,持续对2020年选举展开调查。1月份对富尔顿县选举材料的扣押,是为了支持州委员会长期与县选举官员的法律争斗。
Georgia’s state elections board is dominated by Republicans who have continued investigations into the 2020 election. The seizure of Fulton county election material in January came in support of the state board’s longstanding legal fight with county election officials.
但投票站工作人员——无论是德国的还是全国各地的——并非政治工作者。他们的职责是统计选票,而不是投票。
But poll workers – those represented by German and across the country – aren’t political workers. Their job is to count the votes; not cast them.
“我们的一些投票站工作人员真的理解并感受到这是他们的公民义务,”她说。“我们有长期的提前投票工作人员,已经为我们服务了10年或更久,负责投票站的工作。”
“Some of our poll workers, they really understand and feel that it’s their civic duty when they come,” she says. “We have long-term early voting workers that [have] been with us for 10 or more years, working the polls.”
许多人一次又一次地参加选举,“他们不仅会把朋友拉进来,还会告诉社区里的其他人履行公民义务,”她补充道。“然后他们就可以加入进来,协助整个过程。”
Many return election after election, “and not only do they bring their friends on board, but they tell other people in the community to do their civic duty”, she adds. “And then they can come on board to assist with the process.”