加里·菲尔兹 华盛顿 — 国民警卫队成员开始在国家首都街道巡逻已超过14个月，联邦上诉法院将于周三审理他们是否应被撤离的争论。
GARY FIELDS WASHINGTON — More than 14 months after National Guard members began patrolling the streets of the nation’s capital, a federal appeals court on Wednesday will hear arguments over whether they should be sent home.
口头辩论将在哥伦比亚特区联邦上诉法院进行。此次听证会是在法院暂停下级法院裁定该部署非法的裁决数月之后进行的。
Oral arguments are scheduled in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The hearing comes months after the court paused a lower court’s ruling that the deployment was illegal .
特朗普总统于2025年8月部署了国民警卫队，称这是他在华盛顿特区开展打击犯罪行动的一部分。该部队在夏季达到约5000人的峰值，一直在支援逮捕行动、巡逻城市街道和社区，并参与清理工作。
President Donald Trump deployed the guard in August 2025 as part of what he said was a crime-fighting mission in Washington, D.C. The force, which rose to a peak of about 5,000 troops over the summer, has supported arrest operations, patrolled city streets and neighborhoods and participated in cleanup efforts.
特朗普的共和党政府表示，该部署有助于减少城市犯罪，而在国民警卫队到达之前，该市的犯罪率已经在下降。这个以民主党为主的城市的官员和活动人士表示，该部署是对纳税人钱财的浪费，并且使得一个主要美国城市的军事化成为常态。
Trump’s Republican administration says the deployment has contributed to a decrease in crime in the city, where crime was already on the decline before the National Guard arrived. Officials and activists in the overwhelmingly Democratic city say the deployment is a waste of taxpayer money and has normalized the militarization of a major American city.
由华盛顿特区总检察长提起的这起法庭案件的核心问题是，总统是否有权将国民警卫队部署到该城市。作为联邦特区，该城市在自身事务上拥有有限的自治权。美国宪法赋予联邦立法者对哥伦比亚特区的管辖权，而1973年的《自治法》则允许居民选举市长、议会和社区委员。该市认为，这次动员是军队被非法用于国内执法。
At the heart of the court case, brought by D.C.'s attorney general, is whether the president has the authority to deploy the National Guard to the city, which, as a federal district, has limited autonomy over its own affairs. The U.S. Constitution gives federal lawmakers authority over the District of Columbia, while the Home Rule Act of 1973 lets residents elect a mayor, a council and neighborhood commissioners. The city has argued that the mobilization is an illegal use of the military for domestic law enforcement. Last December, the three-judge panel that paused the lower court’s ruling said Trump might prevail in his argument that the president “possesses a unique power” to mobilize the guard in Washington.
去年十二月，暂停下级法院裁决的三人合议庭表示，特朗普可能在其论点中获胜，即总统“拥有一项独特权力”来在华盛顿动员国民警卫队。
The court went on to say in a unanimous 32-page ruling that other factors also favored the Trump administration, including the “disruption to the lives of thousands of service members,” as well as what it said was the president’s interest “in the protection of federal governmental functions and property within the nation’s capital.”
法院随后在一份一致通过的32页裁决中表示，其他因素也有利于特朗普政府，包括“对数千名现役军人生活的干扰”，以及它所说的总统“有兴趣保护国家首都内的联邦政府职能和财产”。
The judges found that the district “has not identified any ongoing injury to its statutory interests.”
法官们发现，哥伦比亚特区“尚未确定对其法定利益的任何持续性损害”。即使哥伦比亚特区在上诉法院层面获胜，特朗普政府也无疑会向美国最高法院提起上诉，而最高法院在多起案件中已经表现出对总统的尊重。
Even if D.C. wins at the appeals court level, the Trump administration will undoubtedly go to the U.S. Supreme Court , which has already shown deference to the president in a number of cases. Syracuse law professor William Banks said D.C. might have a slim argument under its home rule, questioning whether National Guard units can be deployed to the city when it isn’t authorized by local law.
雪城大学法学教授威廉·班克斯表示，哥伦比亚特区可能凭借其自治权提出一个薄弱的论点，质疑当地法律未授权的情况下，国民警卫队部队是否可以被部署到该市。
But, he said, outside of that argument “there is no overarching federal principle that would bail out the district in this case.”
但他表示，除了这一论点之外，“没有任何总体性的联邦原则能在此案中帮助哥伦比亚特区脱困”。由于哥伦比亚特区不是一个州，且总统是武装部队最高统帅，班克斯表示，总统对控制或委托控制当地国民警卫队和外州部队拥有“巨大的余地和自由裁量权”。
Because D.C. is not a state and because the president is commander in chief, there’s a “tremendous amount of leeway and discretion for the president” to control or delegate control of the local National Guard and out-of-state units, Banks said. Margaret Hu, a professor at the William and Mary School of Law, said one issue to look for was raised by states supporting the deployment in court briefs.
威廉与玛丽法学院教授玛格丽特·胡表示，需要关注的一个问题是，支持在法庭文件中部署的各州提出的论点。他们主张总统是在应对紧急情况。胡表示，部署的开放式性质可能允许对这一主张提出质疑。
They argued the president was reacting to an emergency. Hu said the open-ended manner of the deployment might allow a challenge to that. “Some argue that the indefinite nature of the deployment means that there’s no emergency justification here,” she said.
“有人认为，部署的无限期性质意味着在此没有紧急情况的正当理由，”她说。
U.S. District Judge Jia Cobb concluded last November that Trump’s military takeover in Washington illegally intrudes on local officials’ authority to direct law enforcement in the district.
美国地方法院法官贾·科布去年11月得出结论，认为特朗普在华盛顿的军事接管非法侵入了地方官员对该地区执法的指挥权。
Cobb found that while the president does have authority to protect federal functioning and property, he can’t unilaterally deploy the D.C.
科布发现，虽然总统确实拥有保护联邦运作和财产的权力，但他不能单方面部署哥伦比亚特区国民警卫队以协助犯罪控制，也不能根据自己的判断调用其他州的部队。她将命令暂缓执行21天，以便特朗普政府提出上诉。
National Guard to help with crime control as he sees fit or call in troops from other states. She put her order on hold for 21 days to allow the appeal by the Trump administration.
上诉法院中止了该命令，并允许国民警卫队在案件审理期间继续留驻。
The appeals court stayed the order and has allowed the guard to remain in place while the case is pending.
尽管诉讼仍在进行，但国防部将动员令延长至2029年1月，这使得部署呈现出一种长期化的态势。
The mobilization, extended until January 2029 by the Defense Department, has taken on a sense of permanence, despite the court case.
联邦政府向一家私营公司授予了一份价值2.92亿美元的合同，为“联合特遣部队-哥伦比亚特区”成员提供公寓住宿。部队规模也有所扩大，在美利坚合众国建国250周年庆典（semiquincentennial celebration）高峰期增至约5000人。截至上周，这一数字已降至约2900人。
The federal government awarded a $292 million contract to a private company to provide members of the Joint Task Force-D.C. with apartments. The numbers have grown as well, ballooning to around 5,000 during the height of the semiquincentennial celebration . As of last week, that number had dropped to about 2,900.