南非最大的独立退休基金管理机构中，仅有10%的成员的储蓄金额能够满足他们在退休后领取养老金的需求（即他们的储蓄金额能够覆盖其最终养老金总额的75%）。这一数据凸显了该国经济中存在的严重储蓄不足问题。
Just 10% of members of retirement funds run by South Africa’s biggest standalone administrator are on track to replace three-quarters of their final pensionable salary when they stop work, highlighting an acute savings shortfall in the continent’s largest economy.
根据Alexander Forbes Group Holdings Ltd.发布的《Member Insights》报告，这一比例较2021年的6%有所提升。不过，这些成员的平均预期养老金替代率仅为46%，虽然较五年前的40%有所上升。
According to Alexander Forbes Group Holdings Ltd.’s Member Insights report, that’s an improvement from 6% in 2021. The average so-called projected replacement ratio for contributing members is only 46%, though that’s up from 40% five years ago.
“仍有九成参与储蓄计划的成员无法达到至少75%的养老金替代率，因此我们还有许多工作要做，”解决方案改进部门负责人Vickie Lange在周三的在线发布会上表示。
“Nine out of 10 contributing members are still not on track to replace at least 75% of their final pensionable salary, so there is considerable work to be done,” Vickie Lange, head of solutions enhancement, said in an online briefing Wednesday.
多年来，由于经济增长乏力、失业率居高不下以及生活成本不断上升，南非民众一直难以积累足够的储蓄。国际货币基金组织预计该国今年的经济增长率仅为1.1%，远低于全球平均水平的3.1%以及撒哈拉以南非洲地区的4.5%。目前，超过三分之一的劳动力（约850万人）处于失业状态。
South Africans have struggled to build adequate savings as years of weak economic growth, high joblessness and rising living costs put pressure on household finances. The International Monetary Fund expects the economy to expand just 1.1% this year, below the 3.1% global and 4.5% sub-Saharan averages. More than a third of the workforce — or about 8.5 million people — are unemployed.
经济压力还促使许多工人开始动用退休基金——南非自2024年9月起实施了允许提前提取部分储蓄的制度。Lange表示，自该制度实施以来，该公司已根据该规定向相关人员支付了约170亿兰特（约合10亿美元）的养老金。
Financial strain has also prompted workers to tap retirement funds under a system started in September 2024 that allows for early withdrawals from a portion of their savings. The company has paid out about 17 billion rand ($1 billion) under that arrangement since then, Lange said.
这项调查涵盖了来自310多家退休基金管理机构和2300家雇主的110多万名活跃参与储蓄计划的成员的资料，重点分析了储蓄金额的稳定性、缴费金额的充足性、储蓄期限的长短以及应对短期财务压力的能力等因素对退休收入的影响。
The survey covered more than 1.1 million active contributing member records across more than 310 retirement funds and 2,300 employers. It considered the impact of preserving savings, sufficient contributions, saving for long enough and managing short-term financial pressure to determine their impact on retirement income.
根据报告，人们需要将工资的15%用于退休储蓄，持续40年，才能实现75%的替代率。在南非，平均缴费率仅为11.2%。此外，虽然人们可以在65岁退休，但大多数人选择在61岁左右提前退休。
According to the report, people needed to put 15% of their salary toward retirement savings for 40 years to achieve the replacement ratio of 75%. In South Africa, the average contribution rate was only 11.2%. Furthermore, while people could retire at 65 years, most were choosing to do so as early as 61.
“正常退休年龄为60岁时，预期的替代率为45%，如果他们多工作五年，到65岁退休，这一比例将升至68%”，兰格说。
“The expected replacement ratio is 45% with a normal retirement age of 60, and that jumps to 68% if they stay five years longer to the age of 65,” Lange said.
经济合作与发展组织的数据显示，平均南非人在退休后只能获得其在职工资的17%，而巴西为96%，土耳其为84%。
Data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development show the average South African can expect to earn only 17% of their working salary in retirement, compared with 96% in Brazil and 84% in Turkey.