开罗——人权观察组织周三称，自8月下旬以来，利比亚在军事法庭审判后至少处决了31人。这是自2010年以来该国首次出现公开处决案例。
CAIRO — Libya has executed at least 31 people since late August following military trials, marking the country’s first known executions since 2010, Human Rights Watch said Wednesday.
该人权组织表示，截至9月10日，他们已记录下由所谓的“利比亚国民军”实施的这些处决行动。该组织还警告称，目前被关押在杰尔纳达军事监狱的至少50名人员也面临即刻被处决的风险。
The rights group said it had documented the executions carried out by the self-styled Libyan National Army (LNA) as of Sept. 10. It warned that at least 50 other people held at Gernada military prison were at imminent risk of execution.
“利比亚国民军”又称“利比亚阿拉伯武装部队”，是一支由哈利法·哈夫塔尔将军指挥的东部军事力量，控制着利比亚的东部及南部地区。
The LNA, also known as the Libyan Arab Armed Forces, is an east-based military force commanded by Gen. Khalifa Hifter that controls eastern and southern Libya.
人权观察组织中东与北非地区副主任巴萨姆·卡瓦贾在报告中指出：“利比亚阿拉伯武装部队在秘密审判后处决人员，这些审判所依据的供词据称是通过酷刑逼供获得的；而利比亚最高法院早已明确指出，此类法庭无权审理平民案件。在这种条件下实施的每一次处决都是不可挽回的不公。”该组织呼吁利比亚国民军立即停止处决行动，并暂停死刑的使用。
“The Libyan Arab Armed Forces are putting people to death after secret trials built on confessions allegedly extracted through torture, in courts that Libya’s own Supreme Court has said should not be trying civilians,” Bassam Khawaja, HRW’s deputy Middle East and North Africa director, said in a report. “Every execution carried out under these conditions is an irreversible injustice.”Human Rights Watch called on the army to immediately halt executions and impose a moratorium on the death penalty.
据人权观察组织介绍，8月下旬，“利比亚国民军”军事检察官宣布，一支行刑队对10名被判定犯有谋杀罪及恐怖主义相关罪行的人执行了死刑。
The LNA military prosecutor announced in late August that a firing squad executed 10 people after they were convicted of murder and terrorism-related charges, according to the rights group.
周三发布的报告显示，许多被处决者是在2014年至2018年间，利比亚国民军与反对派武装发生冲突期间或之后，在德尔纳和班加西两地被捕的。
Many of those executed were arrested in Derna and Benghazi cities during or after conflicts between the LNA and opposing armed groups between 2014 and 2018, according to the Wednesday report.
今年9月，国际特赦组织也曾报道称，2018年至2021年间，利比亚东部的军事法庭通过秘密审判，判定数百名平民有罪；这些人均被指控曾批评过利比亚国民军。在此期间，至少有22人被判处死刑。该组织还指出，据称酷刑手段也被用于逼迫相关人员招供。
In September, Amnesty International reported that military courts in eastern Libya had convicted hundreds of civilians between 2018 and 2021 in secret trials targeting people accused of criticizing the LNA. At least 22 were sentenced to death during this period. The group also said torture was reportedly used to extract confessions.
国际人权组织多次批评在不公平审判后拘留，甚至在某些情况下处决个人的行为。大赦国际表示，利比亚对多种罪行仍保留死刑，东部和西部的法院在“极其不公平的审判”后继续对谋杀罪判处死刑。2011年，利比亚在北约支持的起义中陷入混乱和分裂，该起义推翻并杀害了长期独裁者穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲。多年来，利比亚一直处于东部和西部竞争性行政机构之间的分裂状态，双方均得到武装团体和外国政府的支持。
International rights groups have repeatedly criticized the detention and, in some cases, execution of people after unfair trials. Amnesty International has said Libya retains the death penalty for a wide range of offenses, with courts in both the east and west continuing to impose death sentences for murder following “grossly unfair trials.”Libya was plunged into chaos and division after a NATO-backed uprising that toppled and killed its longtime autocrat Moammar Gadhafi in 2011. The country has been divided for years between rival administrations in the east and west, each backed by armed groups and foreign governments.