维也纳 — 爱沙尼亚新任国防部长表示，该国应考虑购买轻型喷气式飞机来击落俄罗斯更快、喷气动力的攻击无人机。
VIENNA — Estonia’s new defense minister said his country should consider buying light jet aircraft to shoot down Russia’s faster, jet-powered attack drones.
已退役的将军马丁·赫雷姆于9月16日上任，在基辅会见乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基后，在接受采访时提出了这一想法。他告诉《波罗的海哨兵》和《每日邮报》说，爱沙尼亚应研究这一选项，称空对空武器是应对无人机最有效的手段。他未透露具体飞机型号、预算或时间表。
Martin Herem, a retired general who took office Sept. 16, floated the idea in interviews after meeting Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv. He told The Baltic Sentinel and the daily Postimees that Estonia should study the option, saying air-to-air weapons are the most effective counter to the drones. He gave no aircraft type, budget or timeline.
赫雷姆尚未承诺购买任何装备。他告诉《波罗的海哨兵》称，他也在考虑计算机控制的火炮、重机枪以及快速的喷气动力拦截无人机。他指出，爱沙尼亚已经拥有飞行员、空中管制专业知识和L-39教练机。
Herem has not committed to buying anything. He told The Baltic Sentinel he is also looking at computer-controlled cannons, heavy machine guns and fast, jet-powered interceptor drones. He noted that Estonia already has pilots, air-control expertise and L-39 trainers.
根据爱沙尼亚军方网站的信息，爱沙尼亚使用的两架L-39“信天翁”教练机是租赁的。其民用状态和租赁条款将使武装改装变得复杂，爱沙尼亚空军前负责人曾在4月份这样表示。
The two L-39 Albatros trainers Estonia uses are leased, according to the Estonian military’s website. Their civilian status and lease terms would complicate any move to arm them, the former head of Estonia’s air force said back in April.
该提案是对日益增长威胁的回应。乌克兰空军发言人尤里·伊赫纳特表示，根据霍罗马茨克的报道，乌克兰在7月拦截了约40%的喷气动力无人机，8月这一比例上升至60%。同期，针对乌克兰的喷气动力无人机发射数量从每月几百架增加到几千架。乌克兰国防部称这些无人机的速度超过每小时400公里。
The proposal responds to a threat that is growing fast. Yuriy Ihnat, a Ukrainian air force spokesman, said Ukraine intercepted about 40% of jet-powered drones in July and 60% in August, according to Hromadske. In the same period, the number of jet-powered drones fired at Ukraine increased from a few hundred to several thousands a month. Ukraine’s defense ministry puts their speed at more than 400 kilometers per hour.
三个波罗的海国家均无自身的战斗机机队。北约盟国轮流执行领空警戒任务，盟国战机曾在6月击落拉脱维亚上空的无人机，9月15日击落立陶宛上空的无人机。爱沙尼亚目前的领空警戒轮值包括驻扎在Ämari的土耳其F-16战机。根据爱沙尼亚军方的安排，西班牙的F-18战机计划在“早些时候的10月”轮值结束后离开。
None of the three Baltic states have their own fighter fleet. NATO allies police their skies on rotation, and allied jets have shot down drones over Latvia in June and over Lithuania on Sept. 15. Estonia’s air-policing rotation currently includes Turkish F-16s at Ämari. Spanish F-18s were scheduled to depart after their rotation in “early October,” according to the Estonian military.
拉脱维亚和立陶宛均未提出购买自有喷气式飞机的计划。两国都在向更廉价的反无人机层级投入资金，拉脱维亚正在考虑用于防空任务的巴西航空工业公司A-29“超级巨嘴鸟”轻型涡桨攻击机。
Neither Latvia nor Lithuania have floated buying jet aircraft of their own. Both are putting money into cheaper counter-drone layers instead, and Latvia is considering the Embraer’s A-29 Super Tucano, a light turboprop fighter aircraft, for air-defense missions.
立陶宛政府于9月2日授权国防部跳过标准采购规则，采购试验批次的拦截无人机和雷达。国防部长劳拉斯·考纳斯表示，维尔纽斯将倾向于选择已在乌克兰经过实战检验的系统。立陶宛还在测试乌克兰的“天空堡垒”声学探测系统。
Lithuania’s government on Sept. 2 authorized the defense ministry to skip standard procurement rules to buy trial batches of interceptor drones and radars. Defense Minister Robertas Kaunas said Vilnius would favor systems already tested in Ukraine. Lithuania is also testing Ukraine’s SkyFortress acoustic detection system.
拉脱维亚正在其东部边境建设国家秘书艾里斯·里克韦利斯所谓的“无人机墙”。该系统将整合雷达、拦截无人机和指挥设备。
Latvia is building what State Secretary Airis Rikveilis called a “wall of drones” on its eastern border. It will combine radars, interceptor drones and command equipment.
北约规划人员多次表示，使用重型战机对抗小型无人机成本过高且不成比例。拦截无人机和地基防空系统的采购和运营成本通常要低得多。
NATO planners have repeatedly said that using heavy fighters against small drones is disproportionately expensive. Interceptor drones and ground-based air defenses often cost substantially less to procure and to operate.