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曾鄙视弗拉维奥·博索纳罗的商界精英如今争相与他会面Business Elites Who Scorned Flávio Bolsonaro Now Rush to Meet Him

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巴西总统候选人弗拉维奥·博索纳罗10月13日在圣保罗举行的大型协会集会上发表讲话。摄影师:图阿内·费尔南德斯/彭博社Flávio Bolsonaro, Brazilian presidential candidate, speaks during the Great Association Gathering in Sao Paulo on Oct. 13. Photographer: Tuane Fernandes/Bloomberg

巴西金融界高管们正争相寻求与弗拉维奥·博索纳罗及其助手会面,此前这位右翼民粹主义者在总统选举首轮投票中意外取得强劲表现,一跃成为领跑者。

Executives in Brazil’s financial circles are competing for meetings with Flávio Bolsonaro and his aides after a shockingly strong showing in the first-round presidential vote vaulted him to front-runner status.

这与几个月前形成鲜明反差,当时民调显示他前景黯淡,高管们更倾向于与左翼现任总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦站在一起。

It’s a swift turnaround from a few months ago, when polls showing dim prospects for the right-wing populist made executives more likely to align with the leftist incumbent, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

弗拉维奥·博索纳罗Flavio Bolsonaro

BTG Pactual董事长安德烈·埃斯特维斯就是这种倒戈的典型。一个月前,他协助组织了卢拉在总统府举办的晚宴,负责策划企业高管嘉宾名单并发出邀请。出席者包括肉类加工大亨若埃斯利·巴蒂斯塔,后者曾于2023年随总统访华。

André Esteves, the chair of BTG Pactual, exemplifies the switch. A month ago, he helped organize a dinner hosted by Lula at the presidential palace, curating the guest list of business executives and issuing invites. Attendees included Joesley Batista, the meatpacking kingpin, who had traveled to China with the president in 2023.

安德烈·埃斯特维斯André Esteves

据知情人士透露,随着这位参议员在民调中逐渐领先,埃斯特维斯、巴蒂斯塔及其他商界领袖早已在逐步靠拢博索纳罗阵营,首轮选举后这种努力进一步加强。巴蒂斯塔的助手正寻求进入博索纳罗的核心圈子,而埃斯特维斯则试图影响潜在博索纳罗政府的人事安排,包括推荐其银行首席经济学家曼苏埃托·阿尔梅达出任财政部长。知情人士称,埃斯特维斯还与圣保罗州长塔尔西西奥·德弗雷塔斯——博索纳罗家族的关键盟友——关系日益密切。

Esteves, Batista and other business leaders had already been gradually drawing closer to Bolsonaro’s camp as the senator gained ground in the polls, and those efforts intensified after the first round of the election, according to people familiar with the matter. Batista’s aides are seeking inroads to Bolsonaro’s circle, while Esteves has sought to influence personnel decisions in a potential Bolsonaro administration, including by touting his bank’s chief economist, Mansueto Almeida, for finance minister. Esteves has also grown increasingly close to Sao Paulo Governor Tarcísio de Freitas, a key ally of the Bolsonaro family, the people say.

这两位知名商界领袖——BTG是拉美最大投资银行,巴蒂斯塔旗下的JBS SA是全球最大肉类生产商——长期以来在政治光谱两端均广泛经营人脉,埃斯特维斯曾在大选前几周与博索纳罗私下共进晚餐。如今,他们已成为银行家、高管和投资者更广泛抢滩行动的一部分,大家都在10月25日决选前夕竞相加强与博索纳罗及其盟友的联系。

The pair of prominent business leaders — BTG is Latin America’s biggest investment bank and Batista’s JBS SA is the world’s top meat producer — have long cultivated relationships across the political spectrum, and Esteves had a private dinner with Bolsonaro weeks before the election. Now they’re part of a broader rush among bankers, executives and investors to strengthen ties with Bolsonaro and his allies ahead of the Oct. 25 runoff.

若埃斯利·巴蒂斯塔Joesley Batista

BTG和埃斯特维斯的发言人拒绝置评。一位接近BTG和埃斯特维斯的人士表示,该行高管和股东一直与各个政治派别的官员保持对话,自首轮选举以来,这种做法没有改变。巴蒂斯塔未回复置评请求。

A spokesperson for BTG and Esteves declined to comment. A person close to BTG and Esteves said that the bank’s executives and shareholders talk to officials from across the political spectrum all the time, and that approach hasn’t changed since the first round of the elections. Batista didn’t reply to a request for comment.

这种重新定位也延伸到了Esfera Brasil等团体。这个非党派智库曾于9月举办晚宴,邀请卢拉与500多位企业领袖共进晚餐。据知情人士透露,随着兴趣激增,Esfera Brasil现在正争取安排与博索纳罗盟友的会面。Esfera Brasil未立即回复置评请求。

The repositioning has also extended to groups such as Esfera Brasil, a non-partisan think tank that hosted more than 500 business leaders at a dinner with Lula in September. It’s now rushing to arrange meetings with Bolsonaro’s allies amid a surge in interest, according to people familiar with the discussions. Esfera Brasil didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.

彭博新闻社采访了约十几位来自医疗、基建、大宗商品和零售等行业的高管,了解他们自首轮投票以来向博索纳罗示好的情况。由于局势敏感,他们要求不具名。

Bloomberg News spoke with about a dozen executives, spanning industries including health, infrastructure, commodities and retail, about the overtures to Bolsonaro since the first-round vote. They asked not to be identified discussing the sensitive situation.

部分原因是不久前,博索纳罗及其父亲雅伊尔在精英圈子里仍被广泛轻视。老博索纳罗是唐纳德·特朗普的盟友,其总统任期因在卸任后被判犯有策划政变罪而陷入丑闻。巴西社会很大程度上将这个家族视为弃儿,任何博索纳罗家族成员再次赢得公职的想法似乎都不切实际。

Partly that’s because not long ago, Bolsonaro was widely dismissed in elite circles along with his father, Jair. The older Bolsonaro is a Donald Trump ally whose presidency ended in scandal when he was convicted of attempting to plot a coup after being voted out of office. Much of Brazilian society treated the family as pariahs, and the idea any Bolsonaro could win office again seemed farfetched.

但就像特朗普在美国的卷土重来一样,博索纳罗品牌已重获新生。尽管在竞选大部分时间里,弗拉维奥·博索纳罗在大多数民调中落后于卢拉,但他在首轮投票中以2个百分点的优势领先,尽管仍未达到直接获胜所需的绝对多数。

But like Trump’s comeback in the US, the Bolsonaro brand has been revived. After trailing Lula in most polls for much of the campaign, Flávio Bolsonaro finished the first-round vote 2 percentage points ahead, though still short of the majority he needed to win outright.

在第二轮投票前,BTG Pactual与Nexus于10月13日发布的民调显示,博索纳罗有望获得52%的有效选票,而卢拉则有望获得48%的选票。这项针对2002名选民的民调误差幅度为2个百分点。博索纳罗不仅获得了那些希望推行更亲市场经济政策群体的支持,还得到了众多维护其父亲政治遗产的群体的拥护——包括福音派信徒、农业相关领域的农村选民以及社会保守派人士。

For the second round, a BTG Pactual/Nexus survey released Oct. 13 showed Bolsonaro likely to win 52% of valid votes, compared with 48% for Lula. The poll of 2,002 voters had a margin of error of 2 percentage points. Bolsonaro draws support not only from those seeking a more market-friendly economic agenda, but also a broader coalition that has sustained his father’s legacy — including evangelicals, rural voters tied to agriculture and social conservatives.

路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦与弗拉维奥·博索纳罗Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and Flavio Bolsonaro

第一轮投票结果公布后,投资者反应积极,推动巴西股市迎来多年来表现最佳的一天。巴西雷亚尔汇率一度上涨5%,股指创下2020年以来的最大单日涨幅,利率互换合约收益率也在单日内下降了100多个基点。

Investors cheered after the first-round results, sending Brazilian markets to one of their best days in years. The real surged as much as 5%, stocks posted their biggest gain since 2020 and swap rates tumbled more than 100 basis points in a single session.

据知情人士透露,随着第二轮投票临近,各企业一方面积极寻求与博索纳罗会面,另一方面也在重新评估自身的政治立场,因此婉拒了邀请其与卢拉政府成员共同出席活动的请求。

At the same time businesses are seeking meetings with Bolsonaro, some are also turning down invitations to events with members of Lula’s government as they recalibrate their political exposure ahead of the runoff, the people said.

据了解相关对话的人士称,那些此前缺席了卢拉主办的“Esfera Brasil”晚宴的企业界领袖们,如今私下里都松了一口气,因为他们觉得自己与现任政府的关联度有望降低。

Business leaders who skipped the recent Esfera Brasil dinner with Lula are now privately expressing relief that they are less likely to be seen as tied to the incumbent, according to people familiar with the conversations.

希望影响博索纳罗决策的企业高管们正试图为其组建一支能够推行亲市场政策、并避免重蹈雅伊尔·博索纳罗执政时期用人失误覆辙的团队。据知情人士透露,部分企业领袖还主张推迟实施卢拉政府批准的税制改革方案。

Executives seeking to influence Bolsonaro are hoping to shape a team capable of delivering a more market-friendly agenda and avoiding what they regard as personnel mistakes during Jair Bolsonaro’s presidency. Some business leaders are also arguing for a delay in the tax reform approved under Lula, according to people familiar with the discussions.

一些企业甚至从行业层面提出建议。据一位知情人士透露,教育行业的相关团体已为教育部部长人选提出了推荐名单。另有消息称,部分企业还提议废除现任政府出台的一项规定——该规定禁止部分投资基金购买因诉讼或仲裁程序而产生的债权。

Companies are making suggestions even at the sector level. Education groups, for example, have proposed candidates to lead the Education Ministry, according to one of the people familiar with the overtures. Others have raised the possibility of reversing a current government rule that bars some investment funds from buying claims arising from lawsuits or arbitration proceedings, a person said.

前瑞士信贷巴西分部负责人、现QMS Capital合伙人马塞洛·凯亚斯,以及前巴西联邦储蓄银行行长、博索纳罗的主要经济顾问之一达妮埃拉·马尔克斯,都是备受商界领袖关注的潜在人选。据知情人士透露,企业高管与投资者纷纷与二人接触,试图从中窥探这位候选人的经济政策规划以及未来政府的人事构成。

Marcelo Kayath, the former head of Credit Suisse in Brazil and now a partner at QMS Capital, and Daniella Marques, the former head of Caixa Econômica Federal and one of Bolsonaro’s main economic advisers, are among the figures drawing interest from business leaders. Executives and investors have been speaking with both as they seek clues about the candidate’s economic plans and the makeup of a potential government, according to people familiar with the discussions.

圣保罗市中心的金融区。The financial district in downtown Sao Paulo.

这种争相寻求接触的势头,与美国企业界与特朗普的关系颇为相似。来自制造业、华尔街及其他行业的企业高管们屡次试图直接接触总统及其高级顾问,使得白宫逐渐成为企业游说的重要场所。

The intense effort to gain access has parallels with corporate America’s relationship with Trump. Executives from manufacturers, Wall Street and other industries have repeatedly sought direct access to the president and his senior advisers, making the White House an increasingly important venue for corporate lobbying.

据知情人士称,部分巴西企业高管认为,在弗拉维奥·博索纳罗执政期间,私营部门与总统府之间也有可能建立起类似的紧密关系。

Some Brazilian executives see the possibility of a similarly close relationship between the private sector and the presidential palace under Flávio Bolsonaro, according to people familiar with the conversations.

不过,对雅伊尔·博索纳罗执政时期的记忆也在一定程度上抑制了这种热情。商界领袖们指出,那些秉持市场化理念的官员纷纷离任,这构成了潜在风险;他们还以萨利姆·马塔尔为例——这位企业家因对国有资产私有化进程缓慢感到失望,于2020年辞去了私有化事务负责人一职。

To be sure, some of the enthusiasm is being tempered by memories of Jair Bolsonaro’s administration. Business leaders cite the departure of market-oriented officials as a risk, bringing up the example of Salim Mattar, the businessman who quit as privatization chief in 2020 after becoming frustrated with the slow pace of asset sales.

上述人士表示,企业高管们的担忧不仅在于博索纳罗会任命哪些人,更在于这些官员上任后能否获得足够的政治支持来推行经济政策。

The concern among executives isn’t only who Bolsonaro would appoint, but whether those officials would retain enough political support to carry out an economic agenda once in office, the people said.

对于那些仍在为高昂债务与疲软内需所困扰的企业而言,问题更为紧迫:新政府能否将市场在选举后的乐观情绪转化为更低的融资成本与更优的投资环境。

For companies still contending with expensive debt and weak domestic demand, the stakes are more immediate: whether a new government can translate the market’s post-election optimism into lower financing costs and better conditions for investment.