美国一个司法规则制定委员会正在考虑在长期实施的联邦刑事审判电视及音频转播禁令中设立一个例外条款，以便受害者能够远程观看庭审过程。
A US judicial rulemaking panel is considering whether to create a narrow exception to the longstanding ban on TV and audio broadcasts of federal criminal trials to allow victims to watch the proceedings remotely.
这一提议是在波士顿举行的美国司法会议刑事规则咨询委员会会议上被提出的。就在两年前，该委员会还曾投票否决了多家媒体机构提出的放宽联邦刑事审判转播禁令的请求。
The proposal was discussed during a meeting in Boston of the US Judicial Conference's Advisory Committee on Criminal Rules, which only two years ago voted against a request by media organizations to more broadly lift the ban against broadcasting federal criminal proceedings.
目前，大多数州级法院均已允许对庭审过程进行电视转播。新冠疫情之后，联邦法院也允许在无需证人作证的情况下，让公众通过音频方式远程收听民事及破产案件的庭审内容。
Most state courts already allow televised trials. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, federal courts have permitted remote audio access to proceedings in civil and bankruptcy cases when testimony is not being taken.
然而，自1946年起实施的刑事案件转播禁令在联邦司法系统中始终未被废除。2024年，法官们以如何保护证人与陪审员隐私为由，决定继续维持这一禁令。
But the federal judiciary had held firm on the broadcasting ban in criminal cases, which dates back to 1946. Judges in 2024 cited concerns about how to protect the privacy of witnesses and jurors in deciding to maintain the bar on cameras.
不过最近，担任该委员会主席的俄勒冈州资深联邦地区法官迈克尔·莫斯曼任命前美国证券交易委员会主席、德贝沃斯与普林普顿律师事务所合伙人玛丽·乔·怀特牵头组建一个小组委员会，专门研究如何有限度地解除这一禁令。
Recently, though, Senior US District Judge Michael Mosman of Oregon, the committee's chair, appointed Debevoise & Plimpton partner Mary Jo White, the former chair of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, to head a subcommittee that would consider a narrow lifting of the ban.
去年，总部位于芝加哥的联邦地区法官埃德蒙·张提议修改相关规则，允许受害者及保释听证会上的第三方监护人远程观看刑事案件的庭审过程。
Chicago-based US District Judge Edmond Chang last year suggested amending the rule to permit victims and third-party custodians at bail hearings to watch criminal case proceedings remotely.
这一提议的起因是：在一宗涉毒案件中，尽管检辩双方均同意让一名因过量服药而身亡的受害者的母亲通过闭路电视从她所居住的亚利桑那州收听量刑听证会，但法官仍拒绝了这一请求。
Chang did so after finding that he was barred in one narcotics-related case from allowing the mother of a victim who died of an overdose to listen to a sentencing hearing via a closed-circuit feed from Arizona, where she lived, even though both the prosecution and defense supported giving her that option.
国会曾两次允许通过闭路电视直播刑事诉讼过程，以帮助受害者了解案件进展。这一做法始于2002年的《9·11受害者知情权法案》（9/11 Victims Access Act）——该法案允许受害者观看针对扎卡里亚斯·穆萨维（Zacarias Moussaoui）的审判；穆萨维是唯一一个因2001年9月11日基地组织袭击事件在美国法庭上被定罪的人。
Congress has twice allowed such closed-circuit televising of criminal proceedings for victims' benefit, starting with the 9/11 Victims Access Act of 2002, which allowed them to watch the case against Zacarias Moussaoui, the only person ever convicted in a US court in connection with al Qaeda's September 11, 2001 attacks.
随后，国会又通过了《洛克比事件受害者知情权法案》（Lockerbie Victims Access Act），该法案于2024年正式生效，允许受害者及其家属远程观看定于明年在华盛顿特区举行的刑事诉讼。这起案件涉及一名利比亚情报人员，他被指控制造了导致1988年泛美航空103号航班在苏格兰洛克比上空坠毁的炸弹。
Congress later passed the Lockerbie Victims Access Act, which was enacted in 2024 and allows victims and family members to watch from afar the criminal trial proceedings scheduled for next year in Washington, DC, of a former Libyan intelligence operative accused of building the bomb that brought down Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, in 1988.
怀特（White）表示，她的小组计划于11月召开会议，还会讨论是否应允许被告的家属也远程观看审判过程。小组还将研究需要实施哪些限制措施（例如，来自其他州的受害者是否需要满足特定条件才能观看庭审）。不过，怀特也指出，任何例外规定的实施都存在局限性；她强调，之前的两项法律都赋予了法官完全禁止直播的权力，目的是“保护被告获得公正审判的权利”。
White said her panel plans to meet in November and would also look at whether family members of defendants should be given the ability to watch proceedings remotely as well. The panel would also examine what restrictions would be imposed, such as if an out-of-state victim would need to But White noted the limits of any exception her panel may ultimately recommend, noting that the two earlier laws gave judges the discretion to still bar broadcasting entirely "in order to protect the defendant's right to a fair trial."
该小组投票决定继续维持美国联邦刑事审判中禁止使用摄像机的规定，并允许在疫情结束后有限地允许远程收听庭审音频。
Panel votes to maintain ban on cameras in US federal criminal trials US federal courts to allow limited remote audio access post-pandemic