从白宫场地到全国各地的市政厅，政客和候选人一直试图阻止媒体成员对他们进行报道 — — 倡导者表示，这正在引发严峻的新闻自由问题。
From the White House grounds to town halls across the country, politicians and candidates have been attempting to block members of the media from covering them — and advocates say it’s raising serious press freedom concerns.
这一趋势已超越党派界限和政治立场。有时事件源于对不利报道的争议；其他时候则源于后勤问题或资质认证问题。但政客与媒体成员之间的冲突似乎已达到白热化程度。
The trend has stretched beyond party lines and political positions. Sometimes incidents stem from a dispute over unfavorable coverage; others from logistics snags or credentialing issues. But clashes between politicians and members of the media appear to have reached a fever pitch.
周二，马里兰州共和党众议员安迪·哈里斯（Andy Harris，R-Maryland）试图阻止记者卡特·墨菲（Cat Murphy）在与其民主党挑战者的竞选论坛后对他进行录音，错误引用了该州的双方同意法，而该法律不适用于公开的媒体采访。在此事件中，哈里斯要求一名警官在突然离开房间前拿走该记者的摄像机，而就在同一天，一名联邦法官延长了对唐纳德·特朗普总统阻止一些记者进入白宫场地的禁令。
Rep. Andy Harris (R-Maryland) on Tuesday tried to bar reporter Cat Murphy from recording him after a campaign forum with his Democratic challenger, incorrectly citing the state’s two-party consent law, which does not apply to public press gaggles. The incident, in which Harris called for an officer to take the journalist’s camera before abruptly exiting the room, occurred the same day a federal judge extended a block on President Donald Trump from barring some journalists from the White House grounds.
专业记者协会（Society of Professional Journalists）是一个全国性组织，负责制定道德报道标准并倡导新闻自由和获取权，该组织表示，对该代表威胁要执法部门介入感到“深切关切”，当时墨菲 — — 一名马里兰大学的学生记者 — — 正试图录制哈里斯在辩论后的言论。
The Society of Professional Journalists, a national organization that issues standards for ethical reporting and advocates for press freedom and access, said it was “deeply concerned” by the representative’s threat to involve law enforcement while Murphy, a student journalist from the University of Maryland, was attempting to record Harris’ post-debate remarks.
第一修正案并不保证记者能够参加所有竞选活动 — — 包括私人邀请制聚会和容量有限的活动 — — 但“候选人因为不喜欢记者的报道而将其排除在外”并不因此变得可以接受，SPJ执行主任卡罗琳·亨德里告诉《华盛顿太阳报》，并补充说限制新闻自由是一个“两党问题”。
The First Amendment does not guarantee journalists admission to every campaign event — including private, invite-only gatherings and events with limited capacity — but that “doesn’t make it acceptable for candidates to exclude reporters because they dislike their coverage,” SPJ’s executive director, Caroline Hendrie, told The Washington Sun, adding that restricting press freedom is a “bipartisan issue.”
“我们看到，对记者主张代表公众进行报道的权利的敌意和激烈反击正在蔓延并成为常态，”亨德里说。“我认为这是一种使道德、独立报道失去合法性的策略的一部分。”哈里斯办公室未能立即回应置评请求。
“We are seeing a spread and a normalization of hostility and aggressive pushback to journalists asserting their rights to report in the public on the public’s behalf,” Hendrie said. “I think it’s part of a strategy to delegitimize ethical, independent reporting.”Harris’ office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
本月早些时候，德克萨斯州第23国会选区的共和党候选人布兰登·赫雷拉的一名工作人员试图将一名德州公共广播电台记者从竞选活动中驱逐出去，原因是该记者试图就他在网上发表的有争议言论对他进行采访。9月24日，共和党众议员汤姆·蒂凡尼 — — 正在威斯康星州竞选州长 — — 的一名工作人员阻止了两名《密尔沃基日报哨兵报》记者进入蒂凡尼竞选活动的退伍军人圆桌会议。
Earlier this month, a staffer for Brandon Herrera, the Republican nominee for Texas’ 23rd Congressional District, tried to remove a Texas Public Radio reporter from a campaign event after the journalist attempted to interview him about controversial remarks he made online. On Sept. 24, a staffer for Republican Rep. Tom Tiffany — who’s running for governor in Wisconsin — blocked two Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reporters from entering a veterans roundtable event for Tiffany’s campaign.
蒂凡尼随后指责《密尔沃基日报哨兵报》的一名记者是“自由派活动家”，并称其发表了一系列对他竞选活动的“污点文章”“我们只要求公平和平衡的报道，”蒂凡尼说。多名民主党候选人也在初选和大选竞选活动中拒绝媒体进入。
Tiffany later accused one of the Journal Sentinel reporters of being a “liberal activist” and running a series of “articles that have been hit jobs” on his campaign“All we ask is for fair and balanced reporting,” Tiffany said. Multiple Democratic candidates have also denied media access across primary and general election campaign events.
包括萨克拉门托电视台KCRA和《纽约时报》在内的多家媒体机构被阻止报道10月2日前副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯和民主党人理查德·潘（他正在竞选加利福尼亚州第6国会选区）的竞选活动。哈里斯和潘的代表将媒体被排除在外归因于认证过程中的沟通失误以及彼此团队之间的问题。
Several media outlets, including Sacramento TV station KCRA and The New York Times, were blocked from covering a campaign event featuring former Vice President Kamala Harris and Richard Pan, the Democrat running for California’s 6th Congressional District, on Oct. 2. Representatives for Harris and Pan blamed miscommunications in the credentialing process and each other’s teams for excluding the outlets.
威斯康星州州长候选人弗朗西斯卡·洪 — — 她在初选中落败 — — 最初阻止福克斯新闻记者在8月11日的竞选之夜观看派对上进行现场报道，竞选团队称这是由于场地容量限制。工作人员最终允许该福克斯记者进入，但不允许其摄制队的设备随行。
Wisconsin gubernatorial candidate Francesca Hong — who lost her primary — initially blocked a Fox News reporter from reporting live from her election night watch party on Aug. 11, with the campaign citing capacity limits for the venue. Staffers eventually allowed the Fox journalist to enter without her camera crew’s equipment in tow.
此外，同样在民主党参议员初选中落败的得克萨斯州众议员贾斯敏·克罗克特，也在2月份将《大西洋月刊》的一名记者从其竞选活动现场驱逐出去 — — 尽管克罗克特公开否认了这些指控。
And Rep. Jasmine Crockett (D-Texas), who also lost in her Democratic Senate primary, ejected a reporter from The Atlantic from a campaign event in February — though Crockett publicly denied the allegations.
“我要说，你知道，有一位特定的记者 — — 她有着不够诚实的历史，坦率地说，她所说的事情根本没有任何证据，”克罗克特在所谓事件发生后接受CBS新闻采访时表示。
“I will say that, you know, there is a specific journalist who is — she has a history of being less than truthful, and frankly, there’s no evidence of anything that she’s talking about,” Crockett said in an interview with CBS News following the alleged incident.
这一趋势也延伸到了当选政客身上：新闻自由团体最近敦促马里兰州州长韦斯·摩尔停止阻碍辛克莱集团旗下新闻媒体的采访，并在这些媒体与该集团董事长的诽谤纠纷中给予笼统的回应 — — 将其比作特朗普时期白宫对媒体的禁令。（《华盛顿太阳报》与《巴尔的摩太阳报》有内容共享协议，而后者正是受影响的媒体之一。）
The trend also extends to elected politicians: Press freedom groups recently urged Maryland Gov. Wes Moore to stop scuttling media inquiries from Sinclair-owned news outlets and sending them generic responses amid his defamation quarrel with the broadcast group’s chair — likening it to Trump’s White House media ban. (The Washington Sun has a content-sharing agreement with The Baltimore Sun, which is one of the outlets affected.)
美国新闻自由追踪器记录显示，2025年发生了超过275起针对记者的侵犯事件 — — 包括袭击、逮捕、设备被没收和拒绝提供采访机会。根据新闻自由基金会的年度影响报告，这一数字相比2024年增加了近30%。
The U.S. Press Freedom Tracker documented more than 275 violations in 2025 — including assaults, arrests, equipment seizures and access denials for journalists. That number is nearly a 30% increase from 2024’s tally, according to the Freedom of the Press Foundation’s annual impact report.
亨德里表示，通过将特定媒体成员拒之门外，并以记者所谓的对候选人存在偏见为由来正化这一行为，公职人员可能正在重新定义“常规新闻采集”为“不当行为”。
By icing out specific members of the media and justifying the action by citing a reporter’s supposed bias against the candidate, public officials could be redefining “routine news gathering as misconduct,” Hendrie said.
“如果你勤勉地向你所报道的人寻求评论，这实际上是在被误解和重新定义为记者的骚扰行为 — — 而事实上，他们只是在尽职履行自己的专业责任，”亨德里补充道。
“If you diligently seek comment from people you’re reporting about, that’s being misconstrued and redefined as harassment on the part of reporters when, in fact, they’re trying to fulfill their professional duties,” Hendrie added.