想想那些获得奥斯卡奖的电影，比如《Poor Things》、《银翼杀手2049》和《The Brutalist》——你可能会认为它们是在洛杉矶制作的。但实际上，这些电影的拍摄工作主要是在一个位于中欧的国家完成的：匈牙利。匈牙利拥有庞大的电影制作基地、多样的自然风光和城市景观，以及一系列优惠的政策，使其成为了好莱坞的重要制作中心。
Think of Academy Award-winning movies such as "Poor Things," "Blade Runner 2049" and "The Brutalist" and you might assume they were made in Los Angeles. But instead of being produced in California's famous studios, they were all shot largely in one central European country: Hungary. Huge production complexes, a variety of land and cityscapes and generous incentives have made Hungary a hub for Hollywood.
据报道，阿诺德·施瓦辛格、汤姆·克鲁斯、埃迪·雷德梅恩、利亚姆·海姆斯沃斯、安妮·海瑟薇和达科塔·范宁今年都曾出现在匈牙利的首都布达佩斯及其周边地区。
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tom Cruise, Eddie Redmayne, Liam Hemsworth, Anne Hathaway and Dakota Fanning were all reportedly seen in Hungary's capital Budapest and its surrounding areas this year.
匈牙利的电影制作历史可以追溯到这个国家的早期。1896年，电影放映机的发明者卢米埃尔兄弟将他们的发明带到了布达佩斯的Grand Hotel Royal酒店；就在几个月前，这项发明刚刚在巴黎首次亮相。同年，他们便指派摄影师们拍摄了布达佩斯的著名地标。据电影导演贾斯汀·里尔登（Justin Reardon）介绍，当布达佩斯的艺术家和编剧们看到这些早期的电影时，他们“被深深吸引，几乎立刻开始自己制作电影”。
Hungary's history of movie-making Hungary has been involved with cinema since its earliest days. The Lumière brothers, makers of the cinematograph device, brought their invention to Budapest's Grand Hotel Royal in 1896 — just months after its Paris debut — and had camera operators film landmarks in the city the same year. When Budapest's artists and writers saw the early movies they "lost their minds in a good way, and almost immediately started creating their own films," according to movie director Justin Reardon, who runs production firm The Royal Budapest Film Company with his wife Barbara.
贾斯汀与妻子芭芭拉共同经营着The Royal Budapest Film Company这家电影制作公司。匈牙利的第一部正式上映的电影拍摄于1901年，地点是布达佩斯的Uránia宫殿的屋顶；这座宫殿原本用于举办科学讲座，如今已成为一座规模宏大的电影院。
The first Hungarian film staged for the screen was shot in 1901 on the rooftop of the Uránia, a Budapest palace that hosted science presentations, which is now a "cathedral"-like movie theater, he said.
匈牙利人对美国电影产业也产生了深远的影响。阿道夫·祖克尔（Adolph Zukor）出生于奥匈帝国，16岁时移民到了美国，并于1912年共同创立了Paramount Pictures；而威廉·福克斯（William Fox，本名Vilmos Fried）则是Fox Film Corporation的创始人，该公司后来在1935年更名为Twentieth Century-Fox。演员茜泽·加博（Zsa Zsa Gabor）、托尼·柯蒂斯（Tony Curtis）、瑞秋·韦斯（Rachel Weisz）和阿德里安·布罗迪（Adrien Brody）都拥有匈牙利血统；出生于布达佩斯的加博·楚波（Gábor Csupó）则创立了一家好莱坞电影工作室，该工作室曾参与制作了《辛普森一家》的前几季剧集。
Hungarians have also had an outsized influence on the American movie industry. Adolph Zukor, born in the then Austro-Hungarian empire, emigrated at 16 to the U.S., and in 1912 co-founded Paramount Pictures, while William Fox — born Vilmos Fried — was the Hungarian-American founder of the Fox Film Corporation that became Twentieth Century-Fox in 1935. Actors Zsa Zsa Gabor, Tony Curtis, Rachel Weisz and Adrien Brody have Hungarian roots, while Budapest-born Gábor Csupó founded a Hollywood studio that produced early seasons of "The Simpsons." 'Different looks'
总之，这些获奖电影其实是在匈牙利拍摄的——尽管它们看起来与洛杉矶的电影风格截然不同。
With its grand architecture as well as areas that appear a little more gritty, Budapest has doubled for European cities such as Paris, Berlin and Rome in movies including "Evita," "Max," and "Inferno." "It's got many different looks," said producer Barbara Reardon.
布达佩斯凭借其宏伟的建筑风格以及一些略显朴实、具有地方特色的街区，在《埃维塔》《马克斯》《地狱》等电影中成为了与巴黎、柏林、罗马等欧洲城市相媲美的拍摄地。制片人芭芭拉·里尔登表示：“这座城市拥有多种不同的风貌，交通也非常便利，国际电影界的业内人士在这里感到非常舒适。布达佩斯几乎什么都有——你可以买到各种绿色果汁和健康沙拉……许多电影制片人和演员都非常喜欢这里。”
It's also easy to get around, and international movie executives feel at home, she said. "Budapest is equipped with a little bit of everything. You can find your green juices and healthy salads ... and a lot of studio heads and and actors, they like that," she told CNBC by video call.
对于编剧朱迪·劳弗来说，布达佩斯作为电影拍摄地具有特殊的意义：她的家人曾在1956年的匈牙利革命期间逃离这座城市，越过边境逃往奥地利，最终移民到了加拿大。她本人也参与了一部名为《从灰烬到钢铁》的独立电影的制作，该片讲述了她家族的故事，影片的拍摄工作就是在匈牙利完成的。
For author Judy Laufer, Budapest as a movie location has a personal connection: her family escaped from the city during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, fleeing across the border to Austria before emigrating to Canada. Laufer is the producer of an independent movie, "Ashes to Iron," which tells her family's story and was shot in Hungary.
“除非有明显的标志告诉你‘你现在身处布达佩斯’（比如那座大型犹太教堂……否则你真的会以为自己身处任何其他地方，”劳弗说道。她指的是多哈尼街（Dohány Street）上的那座犹太教堂——她生命中的头一年半正是住在那里的。她正在将这部电影提交给包括圣丹斯电影节和柏林电影节在内的多个电影节，并计划在本月晚些时候在布达佩斯举办一场私人放映活动，以纪念那场革命发生70周年。
"Unless there's a specific thing that tells you you're in Budapest, like the big synagogue, for instance ... you really could be anywhere," Laufer said, referring to a large synagogue on Dohány Street, the thoroughfare where she lived for the first year-and-a-half of her life. Laufer is submitting the movie to film festivals including Sundance and Berlin and will hold a private screening in Budapest to mark the 70-year anniversary of the revolution later this month.
“灰烬化铁”的其他拍摄地点包括布达佩斯郊外的一个小机场和一条自然步道。Barbara Reardon 说，该国对拍摄也很有吸引力，因为靠近多种不同类型的景观。她说：“在城市之外，有湖可以当作海来使用，”指的是中欧最大的淡水湖巴拉顿湖。“也许我们没有山脉，但现在这很容易解决，周边国家都有山。”“稳定”的激励措施虽然匈牙利的制片厂规模无法与加州的华纳兄弟影城或环球影城相媲美，但在价格上可以竞争。Barbara Reardon 表示，制作成本比美国低约 30% 至 50%。
Other locations for "Ashes to Iron" include a small airport and a nature trail outside Budapest. Barbara Reardon said the country is also attractive for filming because of the proximity to multiple different types of landscapes. "Outside of the city, you have the lake that you can double for a sea," she said, referring to Lake Balaton, central Europe's largest freshwater lake. "Maybe we don't have mountains, but nowadays that's an easy fix, [as] the surrounding countries do." 'Stable' incentives While the Hungarian studios can't compete in size with California's Warner Bros. Studios Burbank or Universal Studios, they can compete on price. Production costs are around 30% to 50% cheaper than in the U.S., according to Barbara Reardon.
在布达佩斯以北约 20 分钟车程的地方是 Origo Studios，这个综合体曾拍摄《沙丘》《沙丘：第二部》和《地狱火》等美国大片的大段场景。该工作室拥有 11 个拍摄棚和 4 英亩的后场（用于搭建户外场景的电影布景），于 2010 年与美国制片公司 Raleigh Studios 合作成立，当时由美国制片高管 Michael Moore 负责运营。
About a 20-minute drive north of Budapest is Origo Studios, a complex where large chunks of U.S. movies including "Dune," "Dune: Part Two" and "Inferno" were shot. The studio has 11 stages plus 4 acres of backlot (where movie sets for outdoor scenes are built) and was founded in 2010 in a partnership with U.S. production company Raleigh Studios, run by American studio executive Michael Moore at the time.
CNBC 于八月走访 Origo Studios 时，现场相对安静。首席执行官 Márta Fekszi Horváth 将其形容为“过渡期”，但她补充说对即将到来的制作“非常乐观”。
When CNBC visited Origo Studios in August, it was quiet. CEO Márta Fekszi Horváth described it as a "transition period," but added that she was "very optimistic" about forthcoming productions.
匈牙利电影业在前总理维克托·欧尔班暂停一项对在该国所有制作支出提供 30% 回扣的激励计划后陷入混乱。虽然该计划已于十二月重新启动，但前政府还对 2026 年上半年制作的价值设定了上限，进一步增加了不确定性，因为制片方通常会提前一年或更久制定预算。
Hungary's movie industry was thrown into disarray after former Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán paused an incentive scheme that provided a 30% rebate on all production spend in the country. While the scheme was restarted in December, the former government also put a cap on the value of productions for the first half of 2026, adding to the uncertainty as producers tend to plan budgets a year ahead or more.
新政府已提交补充回扣的提案，金额为630亿匈牙利福林（1.93亿美元），霍瓦思表示。上个月，匈牙利副总理兼外交部长安妮塔·奥尔班进一步向电影业界提供保证，称新政府旨在为激励制度提供一个“稳定且可预测的框架”。她补充说，政府希望吸引“更多”国际制作来该国。
The new government has submitted proposals to supplement the rebate by 63 billion Hungarian forints ($193 million), Horváth said, and last month, Hungary's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Anita Orbán sought to reassure the movie industry further, saying that the new administration aimed to provide a "stable and predictable framework" for the incentive system. The government wanted to bring "even more" international productions to the country, she added.
本地人才 一部在匈牙利拍摄、本月将在美国和英国上映的大型制作是《威克尔》，奥利维娅·科尔曼饰演被排斥的单身渔妇，亚历山大·斯卡斯加德饰演她由柳木定制的丈夫。根据当地联合制片人芭芭拉·里尔登的说法，该片分别在城市西部和北部的科尔达制片厂和国家电影学院的两个中世纪外景地拍摄。
Local talent One large-scale production that was shot in Hungary and is set for release in the U.S. and U.K. this month is "Wicker," starring Olivia Colman as an ostracized, single fisherwoman and Alexander Skarsgård as her custom-ordered husband crafted out of willow. It was filmed on two medieval backlots at Korda Studios and the National Film Institute, to the west and north of the city respectively, according to Barbara Reardon, a local co-producer.
好莱坞制片公司通常希望派遣自己的团队来监督某些职能，或者可能将后期制作带回本国，里尔登夫妇如此表示。但芭芭拉说她已经看到一种转变。“《威克尔》……是首批聘请了[一名]本地制作设计师、本地服装设计师、本地发型和化妆设计师的大型国际影片之一，且该片拥有大牌国际明星，”她说。
Hollywood studios often want to bring in their own teams to oversee certain functions, or may take post-production back home, according to the Reardons. But Barbara said she's seen a shift. "'Wicker' ... was one of the first big international films with big international stars that hired [a] local production designer, local costume designer, local hair and makeup designer," she said.
该片的编剧兼导演埃莉诺·威尔森和亚历克斯·赫斯顿·费舍尔在CNBC看到的制作说明中表示，他们将电影设定在“特定时间和地点之外”，这意味着“我们得以发明自己的文化”。该片的服装设计师匈牙利人安德拉斯·丹尼尔·托特和阿蒂拉·戈德纳-尤哈什从匈牙利传统服饰中获得灵感，例如带有层层面纱的新娘头饰，威尔森表示该国的民间艺术和传统塑造了《威克尔》的外观。
The movie's writer-directors, Eleanor Wilson and Alex Huston Fischer, set the film "outside of a specific time and place, which meant we got to invent our own culture," Fischer said in production notes seen by CNBC. The movie's costume designers, András Dániel Tóth and Attila Godena-Juhász, who are Hungarian, were inspired by Hungary's traditional clothing, such as bridal headpieces with layered veils, and Wilson said the country's folk art and traditions shaped how "Wicker" looks.
对于一个“微小”的国家，匈牙利的实力超出其规模，贾斯汀·里尔登说。“你不会期望在一个非常小的市场里会有这样一群能力强、能够完成如此多事情的人。”
For a "tiny little" country, Hungary punches above its weight, Justin Reardon said. "You don't expect in a very small market to have such a robust group of people that are able to to accomplish so much."