五角大楼正寻求制定标准，以评估爆炸引起的轻度创伤性脑损伤的影响。
The Pentagon is looking to create standards to assess the impact of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injuries.
根据美国陆军医学研究与发展司令部下属的爆炸伤研究协调办公室（BIRCO）发布的信息征询书，目标是建立基准，以便评估敌方弹药爆炸或友方武器射击产生的爆炸效应所造成的“爆炸伤的生理和生物力学影响”。
The goal is to have benchmarks that will allow assessment of the “physiological and biomechanical effects of blast injuries” caused by explosions of enemy munitions or the blast effects from firing friendly weapons, according to the Request for Information by the Blast Injury Research Coordinating Office, or BIRCO, within U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command.
信息征询书写道，这将使“对暴露于身体加速导致的钝器冲击、弹道击中头盔造成的钝器伤，或武器系统或爆炸产生的爆炸压力效应的军人进行风险评估”成为可能。
This will enable “risk assessment of military service members who are exposed to blunt impacts resulting from acceleration of the body, blunt injury from a ballistic strike to the helmet, or effects from blast pressure produced by a weapon system or explosion,” the RFI reads.
BIRCO正在征集各类信息，以帮助制定评估轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）的标准。这些信息可能包括现有的脑损伤标准、准则和模型，以及确定该领域的专家。
BIRCO is seeking a variety of information that can help formulate standards for assessing mild traumatic brain injuries, or mTBI. The information could include existing criteria, standards and models for brain injuries, as well as identifying experts on the topic.
五角大楼还在寻求防护装备制造商的意见，这些装备可能“与理解人体耐受极限和预测爆炸伤高度相关”。信息征询书采用了宽泛的爆炸伤定义，包括爆炸波超压对人体的影响、碎片、人体被抛掷撞击坚硬物体、建筑物倒塌和烧伤，以及有毒气体和辐射的影响。
The Pentagon is also seeking input from manufacturers of protective gear that can be “highly relevant to understanding human tolerance limits and predicting blast injuries.”The RFI uses a broad definition of blast injuries, including the effects on the body of blast-wave overpressure, fragments, the human body being thrown against hard objects, collapsing buildings and burns, as well as the effects of toxic gases and radiation.
信息征询书称：“这些标准可以涵盖从简单的剂量反应曲线和针对单一爆炸伤害成分（如爆炸压力波强度）的损伤阈值，到针对多种爆炸伤害成分（如压力强度随时间的变化）的标准。”
“The standards can range from simple dose response curves and injury thresholds that address single components of blast insults, such as blast pressure wave magnitude, or address multiple components of blast insults, such as pressure magnitude over time,” the RFI said.
这些标准将用于“健康危害评估、生存能力评估和防护系统开发，旨在打造安全的武器系统、具备生存能力的作战平台和有效的防护系统”。近年来，创伤性脑损伤对军事人员的影响已为更多人所知。有证据表明，暴露于火炮、坦克炮和手持导弹发射时的冲击波，以及在乘坐特种作战部队使用的小型船只时被颠簸抛甩，都会导致脑部创伤，甚至造成创伤性脑损伤。
These standards will be used for “health hazard assessments, survivability assessments, and protection system development aimed at producing safe weapon systems, survivable combat platforms, and effective protection systems.”The effects of traumatic brain injuries on military personnel have become better known in recent years. There is evidence that exposure to the blast of firing artillery, tank guns and handheld missiles, as well as being thrown around while riding small boats used by special operations forces, leads to brain trauma, or even TBI.
国防部关于伊朗战争的数据显示，伊朗导弹和无人机袭击造成的头部创伤比例相对较高。
Department of Defense data from the Iran war shows a relatively high proportion of head trauma from Iranian missile and drone strikes.
这份信息征询书发布之前，美国政府问责局公布了对各军种向部队提供基线认知评估能力的调查结果。美国政府问责局发现，在整个军队中，国防部因人员短缺和缺乏开展评估所需的技术而受到制约。
The RFI was published after the Government Accountability Office released the findings of its investigation into the ability of military services to provide baseline cognitive assessments to troops. Across the services, the Defense Department is hampered by staff shortages and a lack of technology needed to conduct the assessments, the GAO found.
五角大楼4月宣布，将启动一项为期一年的试点计划，测试一种新的认知评估工具——一款军人可用于完成评估的应用程序。国防部官员表示，这款应用程序比现行评估方式耗费的资源更少，并将有助于提高各军种追踪暴露情况的能力。
The Pentagon announced in April that it will begin a one-year pilot program to test a new cognitive assessment tool, an app that service members can use to complete assessments. DoD officials said the app will be less resource-intensive than current assessments and will help improve the services’ ability to track exposures.
根据2019年的一项研究，遭受创伤性脑损伤的退伍军人死于自杀的可能性是其他人的两倍以上。
Veterans who have suffered traumatic brain injuries are more than twice as likely to die by suicide, according to a 2019 study.