俄罗斯已拒绝重新考虑在巴沙尔·阿萨德于叙利亚被判处死刑后撤销其庇护资格的问题。这一立场使得大马士革追究责任的努力变得复杂，而两国政府目前正就军事和外交关系进行谈判。
Russia has rejected reconsidering Bashar al-Assad's asylum after his death sentence in Syria. The stance complicates Damascus's accountability efforts as both governments negotiate military and diplomatic ties.
尽管叙利亚法院缺席判处前总统巴沙尔·阿萨德死刑，指控其在内战期间犯下罪行，但俄罗斯已明确排除重新考虑庇护该前总统的决定。莫斯科称，其基于人道主义理由授予阿萨德政治庇护，且这一决定不可逆转。
Russia has ruled out reconsidering its decision to shelter former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, despite a Syrian court sentencing him to death in absentia over crimes committed during the country's civil war. Moscow says it granted Assad political asylum on humanitarian grounds and considers the decision irreversible.
俄罗斯副外长乔治·博里先科对RTVI电视台表示，叙利亚新政府理解莫斯科的立场，这表明大马士革在试图将这位前总统带回接受审判方面面临重大障碍。
Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Georgy Borisenko told broadcaster RTVI that Syria's new authorities understand Moscow's position, signalling that Damascus faces a major obstacle in its efforts to bring the former president back to face justice.
博里先科说：“我们的叙利亚伙伴非常清楚，俄罗斯是基于人道主义理由授予巴沙尔·阿萨德政治庇护的。大马士革现任政府也明白，这一俄罗斯决定是不可撤销的。”他并未说明大马士革是否已提出新的正式引渡请求。
"Our Syrian partners know very well that Russia granted political asylum to Bashar al-Assad on humanitarian grounds. And the current authorities in Damascus understand that this Russian decision is irrevocable," Borisenko said. He did not clarify whether Damascus had submitted a fresh formal extradition request.
2024年12月，在反政府武装的攻势推翻其政府、终结其家族长达五十多年的统治后，阿萨德逃往俄罗斯。此后他一直留在俄罗斯，而叙利亚新领导层则对前政权的多位人物采取了法律行动。
Assad fled to Russia in December 2024 after a rebel offensive toppled his government, ending more than five decades of rule by his family. He has remained in Russia since then, while Syria's new leadership has pursued legal action against figures from the former regime.
2026年8月11日，一家叙利亚法院缺席判处阿萨德死刑，罪名包括谋杀、酷刑、任意拘禁和危害人类罪。他的弟弟马希尔·阿萨德也在同一案件中被判处死刑。
A Syrian court sentenced Assad to death in absentia on August 11, 2026, over offences including murder, torture, arbitrary detention and crimes against humanity. His younger brother, Maher al-Assad, was also sentenced to death in the same case.
为何俄罗斯要保护阿萨德？在始于2011年的叙利亚内战中，俄罗斯曾是阿萨德最重要的盟友之一。当时，针对其政府的抗议活动升级为毁灭性冲突。2015年莫斯科的军事干预帮助阿萨德夺回了部分领土，并使其得以继续掌权多年。
WHY RUSSIA IS PROTECTING ASSAD Russia was one of Assad's most important allies during Syria's civil war, which began in 2011 after protests against his government escalated into a devastating conflict. Moscow's military intervention in 2015 helped Assad regain territory and remain in power for years.
2024年12月他突然被罢免，迫使俄罗斯重新评估其在叙利亚的立场，同时努力维护在该国的战略利益。
His sudden removal in December 2024 forced Russia to reassess its position in Syria while seeking to preserve its strategic interests in the country.
叙利亚新当局已要求对阿萨德统治期间涉嫌的滥用行为追究责任。然而，莫斯科拒绝重新考虑给予阿萨德庇护的决定，导致大马士革短期内几乎没有机会促使他回国。
The new Syrian authorities have sought accountability for alleged abuses under Assad's rule. However, Moscow's refusal to reconsider his asylum leaves Damascus with limited immediate prospects of securing his return.
缺席判决意味着被告未经出庭审判即被定罪量刑。由于阿萨德目前身处俄罗斯，而俄罗斯已公开表示不会改变立场，因此要对该判决执行仍是一项独立挑战。
A sentence issued in absentia means the defendant was tried and sentenced without being present in court. Enforcing the ruling against Assad remains a separate challenge because he is in Russia, which has publicly ruled out changing its position.
俄罗斯寻求保留军事基地 阿萨德的命运并非影响莫斯科与大马士革关系的唯一问题。俄罗斯也在就其在叙利亚的军事设施的未来进行谈判，这些设施使其在中东和地中海地区拥有战略立足点。
RUSSIA SEEKS TO RETAIN MILITARY BASES Assad's future is not the only issue shaping relations between Moscow and Damascus. Russia is also negotiating the future of its military facilities in Syria, which give it a strategic foothold in the Middle East and the Mediterranean.
博里先科表示，莫斯科计划将其原有的军事基地改造成俄罗斯和叙利亚人员共同使用的训练与后勤中心。双方已于8月签署了一份备忘录，但还需另行签订政府间协议，以确定这些设施的最终地位。俄罗斯希望能在2026年底前完成这些协议的签署。
Borisenko said Moscow plans to convert its former military bases into joint training and logistics centres for Russian and Syrian personnel. A memorandum was signed in August, but separate intergovernmental agreements are needed to determine the facilities' final status. Russia hopes to conclude the agreements by the end of 2026.
关键设施包括赫迈米姆空军基地和塔尔图斯海军基地。赫迈米姆基地一直为俄罗斯的空中行动提供支持，而塔尔图斯基地则一直是其海军的后勤中心。
The key facilities are the Hmeimim airbase and the naval facility at Tartus. Hmeimim has supported Russian air operations, while Tartus has served as a logistics hub for its navy.
博里先科并未说明俄罗斯军队是否会像阿萨德时期那样继续对这些基地保持独立控制。这些基地的最终地位将决定莫斯科在叙利亚新领导层下能保留多少军事影响力。
Borisenko did not say whether Russian forces would retain independent control over the bases, as they did under Assad. Their future status could determine how much military influence Moscow retains under Syria's new leadership.
尽管在阿萨德问题上存在分歧，俄罗斯与叙利亚仍保持着外交接触。博里先科称与叙利亚新当局的关系积极，并表示叙利亚总统艾哈迈德·沙拉已于2025年10月和2026年1月两次访问莫斯科。
Despite their differences over Assad, Russia and Syria have continued diplomatic engagement. Borisenko described relations with the new Syrian authorities as positive and said Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa had visited Moscow twice, in October 2025 and January 2026.
在莫斯科多年支持叙利亚新领导层协助推翻的政府之后，两国现在正试图建立工作关系。
The two countries are now attempting to establish a working relationship after Moscow spent years backing the government that Syria's new leadership helped overthrow.