俄勒冈州民主党参议员杰夫·默克利和马萨诸塞州民主党参议员埃德·马基周四提出一项议案，旨在阻止特朗普总统允许沙特阿拉伯建立民用核计划的协议。民主党人的议案是一项联合不决议，这是一种在11月29日之后需要进行表决的立法工具。
Sens. Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.) and Ed Markey (D-Mass.) introduced a measure Thursday that would block President Trump’s deal to allow Saudi Arabia to build a civilian nuclear program. The Democrats’ measure is a joint resolution of disapproval, a legislative tool that requires a vote after Nov. 29.
两位参议员表示担忧，该协议让沙特阿拉伯获得美国民用核能技术，但并未包含足够的保障措施，防止利雅得利用该技术制造核武器。
The senators expressed concern that the deal gives Saudi Arabia access to U.S. technology for civilian nuclear energy but does not contain sufficient guardrails against Riyadh using that tech to create nuclear weapons.
“追求民用能源计划的国家必须同意采取‘黄金标准’的限制措施，即限制核燃料后处理和浓缩，并接受严格的核查，以确保核能计划不会变成秘密核武器计划，”默克利在一份新闻稿中表示。
“It is essential that nations pursuing civilian energy programs agree to the ‘gold standard’ of restrictions on fuel reprocessing and enrichment and rigorous inspections to ensure that a nuclear energy program doesn’t become a covert nuclear weapons program,” Merkley said in a press release.
特朗普7月下旬与沙特政府签署了该协议，允许美国公司在未来30年内发展沙特阿拉伯的核能基础设施。该协议不需要国会批准，但要在90天的窗口期结束后才能生效，这给立法者时间辩论是否要阻止该协议。
Trump inked the deal with the Saudi government in late July to allow U.S. companies to develop Saudi Arabia’s nuclear energy infrastructure over 30 years. It does not need approval from Congress but will not go into effect until a 90-day window has closed, giving lawmakers time to debate if they want to block the deal.
众议院的民主党人也提出了一项相同的议案。但两项决议都面临艰难的前景，尤其是在参议院，推进该决议需要60票，还需要特朗普签字才能推翻该协议，这不太可能。
Democrats in the House have introduced an identical measure. But both resolutions face tall odds, especially in the Senate, where it would need 60 votes to move forward, and a signature from Trump to reverse the deal, which is improbable.
特朗普当时表示，该协议取决于沙特阿拉伯是否加入《亚伯拉罕协议》，这是一项以正常化与以色列关系为中心的地区条约，由特朗普于2020年斡旋达成。这并不是能源部长克里斯·赖特和沙特能源大臣阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·本·萨勒曼王子签署的协议的一部分，但赖特当时告诉记者，关于《亚伯拉罕协议》的谈判将“与核协议的进展同步进行”。
Trump said at the time that the deal would hinge on Saudi Arabia joining the Abraham Accords, a regional treaty centered around normalization of relations with Israel that Trump brokered in 2020. That is not part of the deal signed by Energy Secretary Chris Wright and Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, but Wright told reporters at the time that negotiations over the Accords would “be worked in parallel” with the progress of the nuclear deal.
虽然共和党参议员普遍支持该协议，但当时也有部分人表示，他们希望了解该协议将对核武器发展施加哪些限制的更多信息。
While Republican senators generally support the deal, some did indicate at the time that they wanted more information about the constraints the agreement would put on nuclear weapons development.
“我认为积极的一面是，他们已成为《亚伯拉罕协议》的成员，我认为这在努力实现中东和平方面是一件大事，所以我认为这是真正的积极因素，”佛罗里达州共和党参议员里克·斯科特（R-Fla.）在七月对记者表示。“我不够了解他们使用方面的限制细节。我想更好地理解这一点。”德克萨斯州共和党参议员约翰·科宁（R-Texas）当时也表示，《亚伯拉罕协议》的这部分内容让他感到安心，并且该协议总体上符合其他国家被允许采取的行动。
“So I think the positive is they’ve become a member of the Abraham Accords, which I think is a big deal in trying to create peace in the Middle East, so I think that’s a real positive,” Sen. Rick Scott (R-Fla.) told reporters in July. “I don’t know enough detail about the limitations of their usage. I want to understand that better.”Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) also said at the time that the Abraham Accords piece was reassuring to him, and that the agreement was generally in line with what other nations are allowed to do.
“但世界上有很多国家拥有民用核能能力，并且受到国际原子能机构的检查和透明度要求，它们不一定进行浓缩，而浓缩是通往核武器的途径，”科宁说。“到目前为止我所了解的情况并未让我感到担忧。”
“But there’s a lot of countries around the world that have civilian nuclear energy capacity who are subject to inspections by the IAEA and transparency, and they don’t necessarily enrich, which is the path to a nuclear weapon,” Cornyn said. “What I’ve learned about it so far doesn’t cause me concern.”