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特朗普在肯尼迪中心法庭之争中援引行政特权Trump invokes executive privilege in Kennedy Center court fight

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白宫采取这一举动之际,一名民主党女众议员正寻求获取更多信息,了解总统在推动肯尼迪中心进行重大改革方面所扮演的角色。亚历克斯·王 / 盖蒂图片社The move by the White House comes as a Democratic congresswoman seeks more information on the president's role in efforts to make significant changes to the Kennedy Center. Alex Wong / Getty

白宫一名律师表示,总统唐纳德·特朗普已正式援引行政特权,以应对其管理约翰·肯尼迪表演艺术中心相关的法庭诉讼。周三晚间的一份法庭文件中,总统副助理兼副法律顾问约书亚·霍伊特表示,奉“总统指示”,他“正式援引总统通信特权,针对原告在本案中请求的信息、文件和通信”。原告是俄亥俄州民主党众议员乔伊斯·比蒂。

A White House lawyer said President Donald Trump has officially invoked executive privilege in the court fight involving his management of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. In a court filing late Wednesday, Joshua Hoyt, a deputy assistant and deputy counsel to the president, said that at “the direction of the President,” he was “formally invoking the presidential communications privilege with respect to information, documents, and communications requested” by the plaintiff in the case, Rep. Joyce Beatty, D-Ohio. Beatty, an ex officio board member of the center, has been challenging Trump’s efforts to add his name to the front of the building and his directive that the center be shuttered for two years while it’s renovated.

比蒂是该中心的当然董事会成员,一直在挑战特朗普将其名字添加到建筑物正面的努力,以及他指示该中心关闭两年进行翻修的指令。自去年特朗普将自己提名为董事会成员,并由其亲自挑选的董事会成员投票选举其为主席以来,她一直在寻求更多关于特朗普在这两件事中角色的信息。二月,特朗普在社交媒体帖子中指示关闭该中心进行翻修,并此后表示,如果他不能为自己的努力获得“认可”,翻修就不会进行。

She’s been seeking more information about Trump’s role in both matters, since he named himself to the board last year and was voted chairman by his handpicked board members. In February, Trump directed the center to be closed for renovations in a social media post and has since said those renovations won’t proceed if he doesn’t get “recognition” for his efforts. Beatty contends the board’s subsequent votes to close the center were a fait accompli, given Trump’s February directive.

比蒂认为,鉴于特朗普二月的指令,董事会随后关闭该中心的投票已成定局。周三,政府在法庭文件中,霍伊特表示援引行政特权意味着比蒂无权获得关于总统管理该非营利董事会的更多细节。他在一份声明中表示,特权具体涵盖“总统、其顾问(政府和非政府)与肯尼迪中心工作人员之间共享的、涉及该中心管理和运营的信息、文件和通信”。

In the administration’s court filing Wednesday, Hoyt said the executive privilege invocation means Beatty is not entitled to any more details about the president’s management of the nonprofit board. He said in a declaration that privilege specifically covers “information, documents, and communications shared between the President, his advisors (government and non-government), and Kennedy Center staff, pertaining to the management and operation” of the center. It also extends to communications “to or from his advisors and/or Kennedy Center staff.”

这一规定同样适用于“与特朗普的顾问及/或肯尼迪中心工作人员之间的通信”。在周三提交的另一份文件中,司法部称贝蒂此举属于不当的“试探性调查”,并指出她“试图获取与案件无关的证据,这一行为并不能成为其提出获取更多文件及信息这一极端要求的正当理由”。贝蒂的辩护律师则指出,真正采取极端做法的正是司法部。

In a separate filing Wednesday, the Justice Department said Beatty was engaged in an improper “fishing expedition,” arguing her “pursuit of irrelevant evidence does not justify her extraordinary request” for additional documents and information. Beatty’s attorneys asserted it was the DOJ that was acting in extraordinary fashion. “Donald Trump appointed himself as chair of the non-profit board of the Kennedy Center, and is now trying to shield his management by improperly invoking executive privilege,” the lawyers, Norm Eisen of Democracy Defenders Action and Nathaniel Zelinsky of Washington Litigation Group, said in a statement.

位于华盛顿特区的肯尼迪中心,9月2日。芬恩·戈麦斯 / 盖蒂图片社The Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., on Sept. 2. Finn Gomez / Getty

来自“民主捍卫行动”组织的诺姆·艾森以及华盛顿诉讼集团的纳撒尼尔·泽林斯基在声明中称:“唐纳德·特朗普自封为肯尼迪中心非营利董事会主席,如今又试图通过滥用行政特权来为其管理行为披上保护外衣。最高法院曾强调政府不应轻易援引行政特权,但司法部此刻恰恰如此行事。这种掩盖行为是对法治的直接践踏。”

“The Supreme Court has stressed that the government should not invoke executive privilege lightly, but that is precisely what the Department of Justice is doing here. This kind of cover-up is a direct assault on the rule of law,” they said.

本月早些时候,司法部律师曾在文件中预告特朗普将会援引行政特权,不过他直到周三才正式这么做。在10月6日提交的文件里,贝蒂的律师指出特朗普并无理由援引该特权:他是以该中心董事会主席的身份作为被告参与诉讼,而非以总统身份。律师们还强调,肯尼迪中心并不属于行政部门,“也不行使任何行政权力”。

Lawyers for the DOJ had said in a filing earlier this month that Trump would be claiming executive privilege, but he did not formally do so until Wednesday. In an Oct. 6 filing, Beatty’s attorneys said there were no grounds to claim the privilege, since Trump is a defendant in the case as chairman of the congressionally created center’s board, and not as president. The attorneys said the Kennedy Center is not part of the executive branch “and does not exercise executive power.”

他们补充道,特朗普“自愿承担了‘受托人通常应履行的权力与义务’”。律师们进一步指出:“担任受托人及董事会主席并非美国总统必须履行的职责,事实上在该中心的历史上此前也从未有过此类先例。此外,肯尼迪中心的工作人员也远非那些享有行政特权保护、能与总统密切沟通的顾问。”

They added that Trump “voluntarily assumed the ‘usual powers and obligations of a trustee.’”“Trustee and board chair are not roles that must be performed by the President of the United States and, indeed, never have been in the Center’s history before now. Nor are the staff at the Kennedy Center anything like the close presidential advisers whose conversations executive privilege protects,” the lawyers argued.

“法院不应允许被告滥用一项为其他目的而非该非营利实体主席职务而设的特权,以此逃避作为受托人的责任。”他们补充道,“允许被告隐藏在这项毫无根据的特权主张背后,将阻碍真相的查明,并‘削弱公众对这些重要诉讼程序的信心’。”司法部反驳称,特朗普与该中心的参与“毫无疑问是以其官方身份进行的”,因为总统有责任任命董事会成员。

“The Court should not permit Defendants to evade accountability as trustees by abusing a privilege constructed for other purposes, not the chairmanship of this non-profit entity.”“Allowing Defendants to hide behind this unwarranted assertion of privilege would obstruct the search for the truth” and “undermine public confidence in these important proceedings,” they added. The Justice Department countered that Trump’s involvement with the center “is undoubtedly in his official capacity,” since it’s the president’s duty to appoint board members.

政府律师还说,总统始终是总统。比蒂“认为,行政特权‘保护的是总统职位这一机构,而非碰巧入住白宫的个人’。但是,正如最高法院最近强调的那样,制宪者将‘行政权力’赋予了一个人——‘美利坚合众国总统’。”审理此案的联邦法官克里斯托弗·库珀尚未就此问题表态,但政府的立场与他本月作出的一项裁决相冲突,该裁决允许比蒂的团队了解更多关于特朗普在空军一号上观看一张写有“肯尼迪中心拆除”字样海报的照片背后情况的信息。该场馆于9月15日临时关闭,中心官员称这是为了进行紧急安全评估。至今尚未重新开放。

And, the government lawyers said, the president is always the president. Beatty “argues that executive privilege ‘protects the institution of the Presidency, not the individual who happens to occupy the White House.’ But, as the Supreme Court reinforced recently, the Framers vested ‘the executive Power’ in one person—‘a President of the United States of America.’”The federal judge presiding over the case, Christopher Cooper, has not yet weighed in on the issue, but the administration’s stance conflicts with a ruling he issued this month allowing Beatty’s team to learn more about the circumstances surrounding a photo of Trump on Air Force One viewing a poster that read “Kennedy Center DEMOLISH.”The venue was closed Sept. 15 on a temporary basis for what center officials described as emergency safety assessments. It has not reopened.

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