北京——国际货币基金组织在新书《迈向中国新经济增长模式》中指出，高昂的医疗费用是导致中国人倾向于储蓄而非消费的重要因素。研究发现，在20个主要经济体中，中国农村居民将可支配收入的8.7%用于医疗支出，仅次于美国。美国以近9.9%的可支配收入用于医疗支出位居全球首位。
BEIJING — High healthcare costs are a big factor driving people in China to save, rather than spend, their money, the International Monetary Fund pointed out in a new book titled "Toward a New Economic Growth Model for China." In rural China, 8.7% of disposable income is spent on healthcare — just second to the U.S. among 20 major economies, the research found. The U.S. ranks the highest in the world with nearly 9.9% of disposable income spent on healthcare.
数据显示，中国城镇居民医疗支出占可支配收入比重为5.4%，排名第三，略高于加拿大。
Urban China ranks third, at 5.4%, slightly more than Canada, the data showed.
考虑到截至去年底美国人均可支配收入为68,289美元——按美元计算是中国43,377元（约合6,400美元）的10倍多——中国的医疗负担水平显得更为严峻。
The level of the healthcare burden in China grows starker when considering per capita disposable income in the U.S. was $68,289 as of the end of last year — more than 10 times more than China's 43,377 yuan in U.S. dollar terms (around $6,400).
中国农村地区直到2020年才正式摆脱极端贫困，这一差距进一步拉大。
The gap widens further when looking at China's countryside, which only officially emerged from extreme poverty in 2020.
根据通过Wind资讯获取的官方数据，中国城镇居民可支配收入为56,502元，是农村地区24,456元的两倍多。
Urban China recorded more than twice the disposable income as rural areas, at 56,502 yuan versus 24,456 yuan, according to official data accessed via Wind Information.
国际货币基金组织称，引用地级市层面的分析，有针对性地增加农村地区政府卫生和社会保障支出，可显著降低农村家庭储蓄率。
Targeted measures to raise government spending on health and social security in rural areas can significantly reduce the savings rate in rural households, the IMF said, citing prefecture-level analysis.
国际货币基金组织亚太部北亚司经济学家徐艺志和驻北京副首席代表张帆写道：“与国际同行相比，中国的社会支出较低，增加这方面支出将提振消费。”
"China's social spending is low compared with international peers, and increasing that spending would lift consumption," wrote Yizhi Xu, economist in the north Asia division of the IMF's Asia and Pacific Department, and Fan Zhang, the IMF's deputy resident representative in Beijing.
他们记录显示，在城市工作的农村户籍人群储蓄率约为14%，拥有城市“户口”居住权、享有比农民工更多社会福利待遇的人群储蓄率约为6%。
They recorded a savings rate of around 14% for people from rural areas working in China's cities, and about 6% for people with urban "hukou" residency rights, which give them more social welfare benefits than migrant workers from rural areas.
徐艺志和张帆在该书的章节中写道：“近年来房价下跌持续拖累消费，并导致家庭储蓄率居高不下。”
"Declining house prices in recent years continue to weigh on consumption and contribute to elevated household savings," Xu and Zhang wrote in their section of the IMF book.