2023年9月下旬，旅客仍可从德黑兰直飞迪拜，飞行时间不足三小时，机票价格在100至200美元之间。
In late September, travellers could still fly directly from Tehran to Dubai in less than three hours, with a ticket costing between $100 and $200.
不到一个月后，同一段旅程的飞行时间可能长达18小时，费用超过1000美元。
Less than a month later, it can take up to 18 hours to make the same journey and cost more than $1,000.
这一变化是美国新一轮制裁伊朗航空公司及为其提供服务的外国公司所致。制裁在9月23日公司停止为伊朗航空公司提供服务的截止日期后加剧，导致伊朗与阿拉伯联合酋长国之间的直飞航班被暂停，此外还影响了若干其他国家的航班。
The change is the result of a new round of United States sanctions targeting Iranian airlines and foreign companies providing them with services. The restrictions intensified after a September 23 deadline for companies to stop servicing Iranian carriers, leading to the suspension of direct flights between Iran and the United Arab Emirates, as well as a number of other countries.
美国一直试图封锁进出伊朗的航线，更广泛地说，限制进入该国的通道。8月，美国宣布启动“经济孤儿行动”（Operation Economic Outcast），以此增加对伊朗的压力，目标是伊朗经济中仍与全球经济保持联系的少数几个领域。
The United States has sought to block routes into and out of Iran and, more broadly, restrict access to the country. In August, the US announced Operation Economic Outcast as a means of increasing pressure on Iran, targeting the few remaining sectors of the Iranian economy still connected to the global economy.
作为该行动的一部分，美国制裁了在伊朗运营的27家航空公司。机场、燃料供应商、地面处理服务提供商以及与伊朗航空公司合作的其他外国公司被警告可能面临次级制裁，这可能将它们切断与美国金融体系的联系。
As part of the campaign, the US sanctioned 27 airlines operating in Iran. Airports, fuel suppliers, ground-handling service providers and other foreign companies working with Iranian airlines were threatened with secondary sanctions potentially cutting them off from the US financial system.
新制裁的首个影响迹象出现在9月24日，当时一架从德黑兰飞往杜尚贝的伊朗航班在途中被迫折返返回德黑兰，原因是其被拒绝进入土库曼斯坦领空。
The first sign of the impact of the new sanctions came on September 24, when an Iranian flight travelling from Tehran to Dushanbe was forced to turn back mid-journey and return to Tehran after it was denied permission to enter Turkmenistan’s airspace.
阿联酋、阿塞拜疆和格鲁吉亚也暂停了对伊朗航班的服务。伊朗与马斯卡特和巴格达之间的航班被叫停，而伊朗前往邻国土耳其的若干航班被取消。伊朗飞往伊拉克纳杰夫——该地为什叶派热门朝圣目的地——的航班也在9月下旬短暂受到干扰。
The UAE, Azerbaijan, and Georgia also suspended services for Iranian flights. Flights between Iran and Muscat and Baghdad were halted, while a number of flights from Iran to neighbouring Turkiye were cancelled. Flights from Iran to the popular Shia pilgrimage destination of Najaf in Iraq were also briefly disrupted in late September.
所有这些事件的发生背景是美以对伊朗的战争，这场战争已经导致该国国际航空联系广泛中断。绝大多数国际航空公司尚未恢复飞往伊朗的航班。
All this was happening against the backdrop of the US-Israeli war on Iran, which had already caused widespread disruption to the country’s international air links. The vast majority of international airlines have yet to resume their services to Iran.
尽管美国最新措施仍在实施，但飞往中国和俄罗斯等国家的航班仍在继续运行。然而，恢复被暂停的航线需要与其他政府进行谈判。
Flights to countries including China and Russia have continued despite the latest US measures, but restoring suspended routes will require negotiations with other governments.
大规模中断 新航空制裁生效已超过三周，飞往莫斯科、纳杰夫、伊斯坦布尔、叶里温以及中国广州等目的地的航班仍在运行。但伊朗的国际航班网络仍然受到严重限制。
Mass disruption More than three weeks after the new aviation sanctions came into effect, routes to destinations including Moscow, Najaf, Istanbul, Yerevan and Guangzhou in China have continued operating. But Iran’s international flight network remains severely restricted.
这种情况给前往伊朗旅行的人以及离开该国的人都造成了严重影响。
The situation has created major disruption for both people travelling to Iran and those leaving the country.
伊利诺伊州居民阿米尔（Amir），43岁，描述了他生病的母亲前往伊朗就医所面临的挑战。
Amir, 43, who lives in the US state of Illinois, described the challenges his ailing mother faced in attempting to travel to Iran.
“我的母亲住在美国，但她的病历在伊朗，”他说。“几个月来，由于战争及其造成的条件，她的医疗预约一直被推迟。”
“My mother lives in the United States, but her medical records are in Iran,” he said. “For months, her medical appointments have been delayed because of the war and the conditions it has created.
“几周前，我们决定利用相对平静的时机前往伊朗，让她能够接受医疗护理。但随后新制裁被宣布，实际上中断了飞往伊朗的航班。”
“A few weeks ago, we decided to take advantage of the relative calm and make a trip to Iran so she could receive medical care. But then the new sanctions were announced, effectively disrupting flights to Iran.
“如今，要到达伊朗，我们必须飞往伊斯坦布尔并在那里等待数小时甚至数天，具体取决于何时有飞往伊朗的航班可用，”阿米尔说，并补充道，由于国际制裁，从国外购买伊朗航空公司的机票也变得困难。
“Now, to get to Iran, we have to fly to Istanbul and wait there for several hours or even several days, depending on when a flight to Iran is available,” Amir said, adding that it was also difficult to purchase Iranian airline tickets from outside the country as a result of international sanctions.
“这样的旅程对一个独自旅行且身体不适的女性来说极其紧张。这完全不公平。”制裁也对伊朗的国内旅行产生了重大影响。
“Making such a journey is extremely stressful for a woman travelling alone who is also ill. It is completely unfair.”The sanctions have also had a significant impact on Iran’s domestic travel.
马吉德·霍塞尼-内贾德是阿里巴巴旅行集团的创始人，该集团是该国最大的在线旅行票务和住宿预订平台之一。他对半岛电视台表示，新制裁影响了机票销售。
Majid Hosseini-Nejad, the founder of Alibaba Travel Group, one of the country’s largest online platforms for booking travel tickets and accommodation, told Al Jazeera that the new sanctions had affected ticket sales.
“由于最近的制裁，伊朗飞往国际目的地的航班约有20%被暂停运营，”霍塞尼-内贾德说。“这导致机票预订服务的收入减少。航空公司的收入也因制裁而大幅下降。”10月11日，伊朗外交部宣布，其经济事务部门正继续努力，以促进伊朗航班飞往其他国家的目的地。
“As a result of the recent sanctions, around 20 percent of the flights operating from Iran to international destinations have been suspended,” Hosseini-Nejad said. “This has reduced revenues for airline ticket-booking services. Airlines’ revenues have also fallen significantly because of the sanctions.”On October 11, Iran’s Foreign Ministry announced that its Department of Economic Affairs was continuing efforts to facilitate Iranian flights to destinations in other countries.
伊朗往返航班仍在面临长时间的延误、临时取消，甚至在某些情况下，航班被迫返航至出发点。目前，伊朗旅客对情况何时可能改善几乎没有明确信息。
Flights to and from Iran continue to face lengthy delays, last-minute cancellations and, in some cases, even diversions back to their point of departure. For now, Iranian travellers have little clarity about when the situation might change.
另一位名叫阿米尔的旅客，是一名伊朗公民，因工作需要经常在伊朗和阿曼之间往返飞行，他说：“除了制裁造成的其他财务损失之外，航班取消给我们的生活增添了另一层困难。如今，马斯喀特和德黑兰之间的每一次旅行所需时间和费用都比以前多出几倍。‘目前尚不清楚情况何时会改变，或者是否会有任何改善。’”
Another traveller named Amir, an Iranian national who flies regularly between Iran and Oman for work, said, “Beyond the other financial losses caused by the sanctions, flight cancellations have added another layer of difficulty to our lives. Every trip between Muscat and Tehran now takes several times longer and costs several times more than before. “It is unclear when the situation will change, or whether it will improve at all.”