英格兰和威尔士将于11月6日将特定描绘勒窒、窒息和乱伦性行为的色情图片的持有和传播定为刑事犯罪，英国政府已宣布。新罪名还涵盖描绘涉及看似或假装未满16岁人员的性行为的色情内容。
England and Wales will criminalise the possession and publication of certain pornographic images depicting strangulation, suffocation and incestuous sexual activity from November 6, the British government has announced. The new offences also cover pornography depicting sexual activity involving people who appear to be, or are pretending to be, under 16. From November 6, it will be a criminal offence in England and Wales to possess or publish specified pornographic images that explicitly and realistically depict: 1. Strangulation or suffocation. 2. Certain incestuous sexual activity, including depictions of people who appear to be close relatives or are pretending to be related.
自11月6日起，英格兰和威尔士持有或传播明确且逼真描绘以下内容的特定色情图片将构成刑事犯罪：
Some step-family and foster-family scenarios are covered where at least one person is, or is portrayed as, under 18. 3. Sexual activity involving someone who appears to be, or is pretending to be, under 16.
1.勒窒或窒息。
x UK LAW · THE COUNTDOWN
2.某些乱伦性行为，包括描绘看似近亲或假装有亲属关系的人员。在至少一人为或被描绘为未满18岁的情况下，某些继父母家庭和寄养家庭情景也被纳入。
New pornography offences: what changes on November 6 Possessing or publishing three categories of pornographic images becomes a criminal offence in England and Wales from November 6, 2026. NOV 2026
3.涉及看似或假装未满16岁人员的性行为。x英国法律 · 倒计时新色情罪名：11月6日有何变化自2026年11月6日起，持有或传播三类色情图片将在英格兰和威尔士构成刑事犯罪。2026年11月6周五5该罪名将于2026年11月6日星期五生效。政府于10月16日提前三周发布了指导意见。指导意见 10月16日生效 11月6日01法律适用范围英格兰和威尔士所有三项新罪名及政府指导意见中规定的11月6日生效日期均适用于此地区。
6FRIDAY 5 The offences come into force on Friday, November 6, 2026. The government published its guidance on October 16, three weeks ahead. GUIDANCE OCT 16IN FORCE NOV 6 01 Where the law applies England and Wales All three new offences, and the November 6 start date in the government’s guidance, apply here. Scotland Separate provision covers pornographic images of strangulation and suffocation, under Scottish law. Northern Ireland Separate provision covers pornographic images of strangulation and suffocation.
苏格兰苏格兰法律有单独规定，涵盖勒窒和窒息的色情图片。北爱尔兰北爱尔兰有单独规定，涵盖勒窒和窒息的色情图片。
GOV.UK guidance (Ministry of Justice); Crime and Policing Bill ECHR memorandum, GOV.UK 02 Three categories covered CATEGORY 1 Explicit, realistic depictions of strangulation or suffocation
GOV.UK 指导意见（司法部）；犯罪与警务法案 ECHR 备忘录，GOV.UK 02涵盖的三类内容类别 1勒窒或窒息的明确、逼真描绘法律测试勒颈通常指一个人对另一个人的颈部施加压力。窒息指以影响一个人呼吸能力的方式剥夺其空气，无论是否伴有颈部压力。类别 2被描绘为有亲属关系的人之间的特定插入性行为法律测试一个理性的人会认为他们有亲属关系，或假装有亲属关系，以特定方式：如父女或兄弟姐妹等近亲，以及某些继亲和寄养关系，其中一方是或假装是未满 18 岁。
THE LEGAL TESTStrangulation generally means one person applying pressure to another’s neck. Suffocation means depriving a person of air in a way that affects their ability to breathe, with or without neck pressure. CATEGORY 2 Specified penetrative sexual activity between people depicted as related THE LEGAL TESTA reasonable person would think they are related, or pretending to be, in a specified way: close relatives such as father and daughter or brother and sister, and certain step and foster relationships where one person is, or is pretending to be, under 18. CATEGORY 3 Sexual activity involving someone depicted as, or pretending to be, under 16
类别 3涉及被描绘为或假装为未满 16 岁的人的性行为法律测试至少两人之间的性行为，其中一个理性的人会认为至少一方是或假装为未满 16 岁。
THE LEGAL TESTSexual activity between at least two people where a reasonable person would think at least one of them is, or is pretending to be, under 16. Not a blanket ban on pornography. The offences cover only these categories, and only images showing people who appear, to a reasonable person, to be real.
这并非对色情内容的全面禁止。这些罪行仅涵盖这些类别，且仅限于展示在理性人看来似乎真实人物的图像。GOV.UK 指南（司法部）03持有 vs 发布持有 发布勒颈、窒息或特定乱伦图像最高刑期 年最高刑期 年未满 16 岁性角色扮演图像最高刑期 年最高刑期 年这些是最高刑期，而非自动判刑。发布对所有三类均适用最高 5 年刑期。
GOV.UK guidance (Ministry of Justice) 03 Possession vs publication POSSESSIONPUBLICATION Strangulation, suffocation or specified incest imagery years max years max Under-16 sexual role-play imagery years max years max These are maximum prison terms, not automatic sentences.
GOV.UK 指南（司法部）04现有材料将如何处理？如果你持有它持有是一种持续行为。任何已经拥有受限图像的人必须在 11 月 6 日前永久删除它或以其他方式处理掉它。如果你发布它任何使此类材料在线上可获取的人必须在 11 月 6 日前删除它并停止向他人提供。根据指南，可能的辩护理由未经请求的材料 仅限持有你未主动索取即收到该图像，无论是直接还是通过他人，且未无理延长保存时间。
Publication carries the same 5-year maximum for all three categories. GOV.UK guidance (Ministry of Justice) 04 What happens to existing material? If you possess it Possession is a continuing act. Anyone who already has a covered image will need to permanently delete it or otherwise get rid of it before November 6. If you publish it Anyone making such material available online will need to remove it and stop making it available to others before November 6. POSSIBLE DEFENCES, ACCORDING TO THE GUIDANCE Unsolicited materialPOSSESSION ONLY You were sent the image without asking for it, directly or through someone else, and did not keep it for an unreasonable length of time.
未见，无理由怀疑您未曾看到该图像，也不知道或没有理由怀疑它受到该罪名的约束。被告辩护您直接参与了所展示的行为，且符合法律规定的其他条件。正当理由正当理由的辩护适用于两项罪名。持有通常指对图像拥有实际占有或控制权。法院将其视为事实问题来裁定。发布通过任何方式向他人提供或使图像可获取。
Not seen, no reason to suspectBOTH You had not seen the image and did not know, or have cause to suspect, it was covered by the offence. Participant defenceBOTH You directly took part in the act shown, and other criteria set out in the law are met. Legitimate reasonBOTH A defence of having a legitimate reason applies to both offences. POSSESS Generally means having custody or control of an image. Courts decide it as a question of fact. PUBLISH Giving or making an image available to another person by any means. GOV.UK guidance (Ministry of Justice) 05
GOV.UK 指南（司法部）05政府为何采取行动2025年2月加比·伯廷女男爵的色情监管独立审查报告发布。报告指出，勒窒已被有效确立为一种“性规范”。2025年6月19日政府表示，将通过修订《犯罪与警务法案》使色情内容中的勒窒行为非法化。2025年11月3日制定勒窒和窒息罪名的修正案被提交；该内容也将成为《网络安全法》下的优先罪名。
Why the government acted FEB 2025 Baroness Gabby Bertin’s independent review of pornography regulation is published. It finds strangulation has been effectively established as a “sexual norm”. JUN 19, 2025 The government says strangulation in pornography will be made illegal, through an amendment to the Crime and Policing Bill. NOV 3, 2025 Amendments creating the strangulation and suffocation offence are tabled; the content is also to become a priority offence under the Online Safety Act.
2026年4月10日政府宣布将修订内容扩展至涵盖乱伦图像以及成人扮演儿童的情节。2026年4月29日《2026年犯罪与警务法案》获得御准批准。2026年10月16日司法部发布关于这些罪名的指南。2026年11月6日该罪名在英格兰和威尔士生效。
APR 10, 2026 The government announces amendments covering incest imagery and adults role-playing as children. APR 29, 2026 The Crime and Policing Act 2026 receives royal assent. OCT 16, 2026 The Ministry of Justice publishes guidance on the offences. NOV 6, 2026 The offences come into force in England and Wales.
政府的立场：其认为色情内容助长了勒窒成为一种“性规范”，尤其是在可能不了解其长期危害的年轻人群中；同时，角色扮演内容存在使儿童性虐待正常化的风险。政府将这些罪名描述为其承诺的一部分——即在十年内将针对妇女和女孩的暴力减半。“这并不是要将无害的性偏好刑事化。”受害者及打击针对妇女和女孩暴力的部长亚历克斯·戴维斯-琼斯“如果您持有此类材料，请删除它。如果您在传播它，请停止。”
The government’s case: it says pornography has helped make strangulation a “sexual norm”, particularly among young people who may not know its long-term harms, and that role-play content risks normalising child sexual abuse. It presents the offences as part of its pledge to halve violence against women and girls within a decade. “This isn’t about criminalising harmless sexual preferences.”Alex Davies-Jones, minister for victims and tackling violence against women and girls “If you’ve got this material, delete it. If you’re sharing it, stop.”Alex Davies-Jones
亚历克斯·戴维斯-琼斯“这些罪行将要生效，这是非常好的消息，而且不容一刻耽搁。”2025年审查报告作者加比·伯汀女男爵GOV.UK新闻稿（2025年6月19日；2025年11月4日；2026年4月10日）；legislation.gov.uk；Brit Brief；英国《国际商业时报》来源：GOV.UK：《2026年犯罪与警务法案：与色情相关的罪行》指南及司法部新闻稿；《犯罪与警务法案》欧洲人权公约备忘录；legislation.gov.uk；Brit Brief；英国《国际商业时报》。
“It is very good news these offences will come into force, and not a moment too soon.”Baroness Gabby Bertin, author of the 2025 review GOV.UK press releases (June 19, 2025; Nov 4, 2025; April 10, 2026); legislation.gov.uk; Brit Brief; IBTimes UK Sources: GOV.UK: “Crime and Policing Act 2026: offences relating to pornography” guidance and Ministry of Justice press releases; Crime and Policing Bill ECHR memorandum; legislation.gov.uk; Brit Brief; IBTimes UK. Express InfoGenIE Created by Aniruddha Dhar
Express InfoGenIE 由 Aniruddha Dhar 创建处罚持有描绘勒颈、窒息或特定乱伦活动的色情制品，最高可判处两年监禁。持有描绘涉及未满16岁或假装未满16岁的人进行性活动的图像，最高可判处三年监禁。发布或分享新罪行所涵盖的任何材料，最高可判处五年监禁。这些是最高刑罚；个案的判决将取决于具体情况，据BBC报道。
The penalties The maximum prison sentence for possessing pornography depicting strangulation, suffocation or specified incestuous activity is two years. Possession of images depicting sexual activity involving someone who is, or is pretending to be, under 16 carries a maximum of three years. Publishing or sharing any of the material covered by the new offences can carry a maximum sentence of five years. These are maximum penalties; the sentence in an individual case would depend on the circumstances, the BBC reported.
《犯罪与警务法案》这些罪行通过《2026年犯罪与警务法案》引入，该法案于四月获得御准。相关条款预计将于11月6日生效。独立色情审查这些变化是在2025年发布、由保守党贵族加比·伯汀女男爵领导的独立色情审查之后进行的。该审查由里希·苏纳克政府委托开展，审查了与色情制品相关的潜在危害，包括描绘勒颈和性暴力的材料。
The Crime and Policing Act The offences were introduced through the Crime and Policing Act 2026, which received Royal Assent in April. The relevant provisions are due to come into force on November 6. Independent Pornography Review The changes follow the Independent Pornography Review, published in 2025 and led by Conservative peer Baroness Gabby Bertin. Commissioned by Rishi Sunak’s government, the review examined the potential harms associated with pornography, including material depicting choking and sexual violence.
审查发现，勒颈描写在流行色情网站上“普遍存在”，并警告此类材料可能导致性暴力常态化。审查引述了一个14岁男孩向老师询问如何在性行为中勒颈女孩的例子，作为该内容引发的担忧。
The review found depictions of choking were “rife” on popular pornography websites and warned that such material could contribute to the normalisation of sexual violence. It cited an account of a 14-year-old boy asking a teacher how to choke girls during sex as an example of the concerns raised by the content.
针对这一公告，英国广播公司援引司法部长亚历克斯·戴维斯-琼斯的话称：“如果你手头有这类内容，请立即删除。如果你正在传播它，请立刻停止。”
Reacting to the announcement, Justice Minister Alex Davies-Jones was quoted by the BBC as saying: “If you’ve got this material, delete it. If you’re sharing it, stop.”
她向《卫报》表示，这项法律的目的并非“将无害的性偏好定为犯罪行为”，而是针对那些“将针对女性的暴力行为正常化甚至美化”的内容。
She told The Guardian the law is not about “criminalising harmless sexual preferences” but about content that “normalises, or even glorifies” violence against women.
贝坦女男爵在接受《卫报》及英国新闻协会采访时称，这一决定“来得正是时候”，它传递出一个明确无误的信号：任何可能诱发现实伤害的极端暴力内容都是不可接受的。
Baroness Bertin told The Guardian and Press Association the decision came “not a moment too soon” and would send “the unequivocal signal” that extreme and violent content that encourages real-life harm is not acceptable.