瓜达拉哈拉/墨西哥城，10月16日 - 作为墨西哥最大城市之一的瓜达拉哈拉居民正要求就日益恶化的水质危机给出解释。许多家庭报告称自来水有异味并含有沉淀物，抗议者敦促政府采取行动，这引发了警方与示威者的冲突。
GUADALAJARA/MEXICO CITY, Oct 16 - Residents in Guadalajara, one of Mexico's biggest cities, are demanding answers over a worsening water-quality crisis that has left many households reporting foul-smelling, sediment-filled tap water and sparked police clashes as protesters urge government action.
上周末的一场大规模抗议活动使此问题成为全国焦点，当时警方使用了水炮和催泪瓦斯，数十人受伤，官员称近40人被捕。此事促使总统克劳迪娅·谢因鲍姆指责警方反应过于强硬，并承诺审查该地区的两个供水基础设施项目。
A major protest last weekend put the issue in the national spotlight after police deployed water cannons and tear gas, dozens of people were injured, and officials said nearly 40 people were arrested. The incident prompted President Claudia Sheinbaum to rebuke the police for their tough response and pledge to review two water infrastructure projects for the area.
然而，随着不满情绪的加剧，未来几天仍计划举行进一步的示威活动。社交媒体上流传着视频，显示人们正在收集从水龙头流出的浑浊的棕色或黑色水，装在桶和罐子里。
Still, further demonstrations are planned in the coming days as frustration builds, with videos circulating on social media of people collecting buckets and jars of murky brown or black water flowing from their taps.
这场危机加剧了对墨西哥西部哈利斯科州大都会区水资源管理的审查，该地区人口超过五百万，也是墨西哥最大的工业和制造业中心。这些问题反映了墨西哥全国范围内的更广泛担忧，许多大城市正面临水质和供水可靠性问题，原因在于基础设施老化、污染以及对有限资源日益增长的压力。
The crisis has intensified scrutiny of water management across a metropolitan area of more than five million people that is also Mexico's largest industrial and manufacturing center, located in the western state of Jalisco. The problems echo broader concerns across Mexico, where many major cities struggle with water quality and reliability amid aging infrastructure, pollution and mounting pressure on limited resources.
墨西哥社区发展研究所（IMDEC）于6月进行的一项公民监测研究分析了来自90个社区的184份家庭用水样本，发现超过93%的样本中未检测到残留氯，这意味着供水系统的大部分缺乏通常用于防止细菌污染的消毒剂。
A June citizen-monitoring study by the Mexican Institute for Community Development (IMDEC) analyzed 184 household water samples from 90 neighborhoods and found that more than 93% contained no detectable residual chlorine, meaning much of the system lacked the disinfectant normally used to protect water from bacterial contamination.
该研究还报告称，部分样本中铅、汞、硝酸盐和大肠杆菌（一种表明粪便污染的细菌指标）的水平升高。
The study also reported elevated levels of lead, mercury, nitrates and E. coli, a bacterial indicator of fecal contamination, in some samples.
研究结果公布后，IMDEC呼吁发布公共卫生警报，由认证实验室进行独立检测，并调查污染源。哈里斯科州政府发言人未回应置评请求。
Following the findings, IMDEC called for a public-health alert, independent testing by accredited laboratories and investigations into the sources of contamination. A spokesman for Jalisco's government did not respond to a request for comment.
周四晚上的一次集会上，54 岁的阿莱达·莫拉莱斯表示，至少 15 年来，流入她家的水常常浑浊发黄。她说，这种情况促使居民走上街头，因为许多人认为，瓜达拉哈拉的经济发展是以牺牲环境保护为代价的——瓜达拉哈拉是今年世界杯的东道主城市之一。
At a rally on Thursday evening, Aleida Morales, 54, said that for at least 15 years, the water arriving at her home has often been cloudy and brown. The situation has helped drive residents into the streets, she said, because many feel economic development in Guadalajara, which was one of Mexico's host cities for the World Cup this year, has come at the expense of environmental protection.
瓜达拉哈拉位于更大的莱尔马-圣地亚哥流域内，这是墨西哥最受污染的河流系统之一，长期承受着废水、工业污染和快速城市增长的压力。
Guadalajara sits within the larger Lerma-Santiago watershed, one of Mexico's most polluted river systems and a region long burdened by wastewater, industrial pollution and rapid urban growth.
“必须有其他、环境可持续的方式来创造就业机会，”莫拉莱斯说。“目前的做法正在毒害我们。”
“There must be other, environmentally sustainable ways to create jobs," Morales said. "The current approach is poisoning us."
三十年前，她的祖父母曾将该地区一些当地河流和瀑布描述为“天堂”。“如今，它们成为有毒污染的源头，”她补充道。
Thirty years ago, her grandparents described some of the region's local rivers and waterfalls as a "paradise." "Today, they are the source of toxic contamination," she added.
长期存在的环境挑战 联邦当局已承认影响该地区的更广泛的环境挑战。
LONG-STANDING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES Federal authorities have acknowledged broader environmental challenges affecting the region.
7 月份，谢因鲍姆和环境部长阿莉西亚·巴尔塞纳启动了针对莱尔马-圣地亚哥流域及另外两条严重污染河流系统的 200 亿比索（10.9 亿美元）修复计划，称当局已确定数百个优先污染源。
In July, Sheinbaum and Secretary of Environment Alicia Barcena launched a 20 billion-peso ($1.09 billion) restoration program for the Lerma-Santiago basin and two other heavily polluted river systems, saying authorities had identified hundreds of priority pollution sources.
瓜达拉哈拉大学环境工程专家阿兰·特赫达表示，这场危机反映的是多年累积的压力，而非单一的污染事件。
Allan Tejeda, an environmental engineering expert at the University of Guadalajara, said the crisis reflects years of accumulated pressures rather than a single contamination event.
他指出，未经处理或处理不当的废水、直接或未记录的排放、快速城市增长以及对水基础设施和处理系统的长期投资不足共同导致了这一问题。
He pointed to a combination of untreated or poorly treated wastewater, direct or undocumented discharges, rapid urban growth and chronic underinvestment in water infrastructure and treatment systems.
他表示，现有的处理设施正面临系统中进入污染物的日益增长的压力，并且在应对该地区面临的挑战规模方面日益不足。“这些问题从未得到应有的关注，”特赫达说。
Existing treatment facilities face growing pressure from contaminants entering the system and are increasingly inadequate for the scale of the challenge confronting the region, he said. "These issues have never received the attention they require," Tejeda said.
墨西哥水、生命与领土全国议会是一个墨西哥权利联盟，表达了对哈利斯科州抗议者的团结，并呼吁为瓜达拉哈拉的水危机提供“真正、全面且可验证的解决方案”。
The National Assembly for Water, Life, and Territory, a Mexican rights coalition, expressed solidarity with protesters in Jalisco and called for "a real, comprehensive and verifiable solution" to Guadalajara's water crisis.
“水不是政府授予的特权，也不是只有付得起钱的人才能享有的特权，”该组织表示。“水是生命、健康、食品、工作以及我们社区生存不可或缺的东西。”路透社
"Water is not a concession granted by governments nor a privilege reserved for those who can afford to pay for it," the group said. "It is indispensable for life, health, food, work and the survival of our communities." REUTERS