周五，一家分歧明显的联邦上诉法院维持了特朗普政府的一项决定，即无条件授予俄克拉荷马州对该州印第安人土地上的环境项目的管辖权。
A divided federal appeals court on Friday upheld a Trump administration decision to unconditionally grant Oklahoma authority over environmental programs on tribal lands within the state.
位于丹佛的美国第十巡回上诉法院的一个2比1小组裁定，美国环境保护署的行为符合2005年交通资金法案中一项长期休眠的条款，该条款允许俄克拉荷马州寻求对印第安人领土上的环境监管项目的管辖权。
A 2-1 panel of the Denver-based 10th US Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the US Environmental Protection Agency acted in accordance with a long-dormant provision in a 2005 transportation funding bill that allows Oklahoma to seek authority over environmental regulatory programs in Native American territory.
该条款被称为“午夜骑手”，因为它是在《安全、问责、灵活、高效交通公平法案》通过后期且未经讨论的情况下被加入的。
The provision was dubbed the "Midnight Rider" because it was added late and without discussion to the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act.
俄克拉荷马州直到2020年才援引该条款，彼时美国最高法院在麦格里特诉俄克拉荷马州案中以5比4的裁决承认，俄克拉荷马州约有一半地区——即该州东部的大部分地区——为印第安人保留地，超出州政府管辖范围。
Oklahoma did not invoke the provision until 2020, after the US Supreme Court's 5-4 decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma, which recognized about half of Oklahoma — much of the eastern part of the state — as Native American reservation land beyond the jurisdiction of state authorities.
同年晚些时候，在特朗普总统第一任期内，环境保护署批准了俄克拉荷马州的申请。
Later that year, the EPA during President Donald Trump’s first administration approved Oklahoma’s request.
在包括帕尼族在内的几个部落的请求下，拜登总统领导下的民主党政府环境保护署在2021年撤回了该批准，并重新审议了此事。在拜登任职的最后几天，环境保护署再次批准了俄克拉荷马州的申请，但附加了一个条件，即该州须开展工作，以寻求与受影响部落的共识。
At the request of several tribes including the Pawnee Nation, the EPA under Democratic President Joe Biden withdrew the approval in 2021 and reconsidered the matter. In Biden's final days in office, the EPA again approved Oklahoma's request but with a condition that the state engage in efforts to seek consensus with affected tribes.
但特朗普重返白宫后，该机构去年发布了一项新决定，取消了该条件，由此引发了帕尼族的诉讼。
But once Trump returned to the White House, the agency issued a new decision last year eliminating that condition, prompting a lawsuit by the Pawnee Nation.
该部落主张，环境保护署的行为违反了《行政程序法》，称“午夜骑手”条款随2005年支出法案的其他部分一起在2009年失效，而环境保护署在特朗普时期错误地认为其在批准俄克拉荷马州的申请时无权施加条件。
The tribe argued the EPA’s action violated the Administrative Procedure Act, saying the Midnight Rider expired in 2009 along with other parts of the 2005 spending law and that EPA wrongly under Trump concluded it had no authority to impose conditions when approving Oklahoma's request.
但美国巡回法院法官蒂莫西·蒂姆科维奇在多数意见中写道，午夜骑士法案不包含日落条款，也没有授权拜登时期的条件。
But US Circuit Judge Timothy Tymkovich, writing for the majority, said the Midnight Rider contained no sunset provision and did not authorize the Biden-era condition.
他写道：“国会命令环保署‘应批准’有效请求，并不授权该机构通过附加条件来削减该批准。”
"Congress’s command that the EPA 'shall approve' a valid request does not authorize the agency to shrink that approval by attaching a condition to it," he wrote.
地球正义组织代表帕尼国家的律师迈克尔·弗里德曼未对置评请求作出回应。
Michael Freedman, a lawyer for Pawnee Nation at Earthjustice, did not respond to a request for comment.
蒂姆科维奇是由共和党总统乔治·W·布什任命的，他得到了由民主党总统巴拉克·奥巴马任命的美国巡回法院法官罗伯特·巴赫拉赫的支持。
Tymkovich, who was appointed by Republican President George W. Bush, was joined by US Circuit Judge Robert Bacharach, an appointee of Democratic President Barack Obama.
拜登任命的美国巡回法院法官理查德·费德里科持异议，称环保署有酌情权为部落利益施加至少一些保护措施。
US Circuit Judge Richard Federico, a Biden appointee, dissented, saying the EPA had the discretion to impose at least some protections for tribal interests.
他写道：“在没有国会明确相反表述的情况下，本院不应如此轻易 acquiesce 部落作为其土地上的第一 sovereign 被完全驱逐。”
"This court should not so readily acquiesce to the total displacement of the tribes as the first sovereigns of their land absent a clear statement from Congress to the contrary," he wrote.
此案为帕尼国家俄克拉荷马州诉泽尔丁案，美国第十巡回上诉法院，案号25-9548。帕尼国家俄克拉荷马州：地球正义组织的迈克尔·弗里德曼美国：美国司法部的卡梅隆·希诺霍斯环保署在部落意见后撤销特朗普时期对俄克拉荷马州的环境命令部落批评环保署将俄克拉荷马州环境规则控制权交给该州的举措
The case is Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma v Zeldin, 10th US Circuit Court of Appeals, No. 25-9548. For Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma: Michael Freedman of Earthjustice For the United States: Cameron Hinojos of the US Department of Justice EPA withdraws Trump Oklahoma environment order after input from tribes Tribes slam EPA move to give Oklahoma control of environmental rules