美国国会委员会公布了对数十名研究人员的调查细节，其中许多人是华裔美国人，揭示了政府因涉嫌与中国有关联而对学术界进行审查的规模。
A US congressional committee has released details of investigations into dozens of researchers, many of them Chinese-American, revealing the scale of government scrutiny sweeping academia over alleged links to China.
这些文件共计数百页，随众议院中国问题特设委员会的一份独立报告一起发布。该报告题为《如何阻止中国窃取纳税人资助的研究》，旨在反驳大学和学术团体的论点，即更严格的研究安全规则威胁到学术自由。
The documents – running to hundreds of pages – were released alongside a separate report by the House Select Committee on China. Titled “How to Stop China’s Theft of Taxpayer-Funded Research”, the report pushes back against arguments by universities and academic groups that tighter research security rules threaten academic freedom.
根据委员会的说法，这些记录来源于美国国家科学基金会监察长办公室（NSF OIG）的调查，包括此前未被报告的案件细节。负责资助美国大部分基础研究的国家科学基金会拒绝置评。
According to the committee, the records derive from investigations by the National Science Foundation’s Office of Inspector General (NSF OIG), including details of previously unreported cases. The NSF, which funds much of America’s basic research, declined to comment.
这些文件详细列出了对大约30名研究人员的调查，涉及未披露的中国付款、人才计划合同和资助。目前尚不清楚所有案件是否均在美国总统唐纳德·特朗普2017年至2021年第一任期内启动的“中国行动计划”下进行调查，尽管许多案件可追溯到该计划活跃的那段时间。
The files detail investigations into about 30 researchers over undisclosed Chinese payments, talent programme contracts and grants. It is unclear whether all the cases were pursued under the China Initiative – launched during US President Donald Trump’s 2017-2021 first term – though many date to the programme’s active years around that time.
美国高校 routinely 获得外国资助和企业赞助以支持研发工作。教育部数据显示，自1986年以来，美国高校已报告近700亿美元的外国礼物和合同，其中仅2025年就超过52亿美元。
American universities routinely receive foreign grants and corporate sponsorships to support research and development. Department of Education data shows US universities have reported nearly US$70 billion in foreign gifts and contracts since 1986, including more than US$5.2 billion in 2025 alone.
批评者认为，这些调查——其中“中国行动计划”是最引人注目的——通过将这些标准的国际学术合作刑事化，选择性地、不公平地针对华裔学者。
Critics argue that those investigations, with the China Initiative being the most high-profile among them, selectively and unfairly targeted scholars of Chinese descent by criminalising these standard international academic partnerships.
2024年7月，华裔美国神经科学家简·吴的自杀凸显了对被怀疑与北京有未披露关联的研究人员进行调查所造成的最令人寒心的影响。
The July 2024 suicide of Jane Wu, a Chinese-American neuroscientist, highlighted the most chilling impact of investigations against researchers suspected of having undisclosed ties to Beijing.
吴某在西北大学工作期间，因美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）打击未披露外国关系的行动而受到审查，该行动与中国行动（China Initiative）同步进行。她的案件不在国家科学基金会（NSF）文件之中。
Wu, who worked at Northwestern University, came under scrutiny in a National Institutes of Health crackdown on undisclosed foreign ties that ran alongside the China Initiative. Her case is not among those in the NSF files.
众议院中国问题特设委员会本周在一份声明中表示：“这些记录记载了涉及未披露的外国任命、来自[中国]机构的报酬、参与中国人才招聘计划、承诺冲突以及反复未能向联邦科研资助机构披露所需信息的案件。”
“The records document cases involving undisclosed foreign appointments, compensation from [Chinese] institutions, participation in Chinese talent recruitment programmes, conflicts of commitment, and repeated failures to disclose information required by federal research funding agencies,” the House Select Committee on China said in a statement this week.
这些案件的处理结果各不相同。大多数案件未被提起刑事指控，尽管有些被移交进行刑事调查。少数案件导致起诉和定罪，其中一些后来被推翻。一些研究人员离开了他们的大学岗位，或彻底离开了美国。
The cases had varying outcomes. Most ended without criminal charges, though some were referred for criminal investigation. A few resulted in prosecutions and convictions, some of which were later overturned. Some researchers left their university posts or left the United States altogether.
在许多情况下，NSF的监察长建议暂停涉案研究人员的资助，或禁止他们将来获得联邦资助。
In many cases, the NSF’s inspector general recommended suspending grants or barring future federal funding to the researchers involved.
司法部于2018年启动的中国行动（China Initiative）的公开目标是打击所谓的中国经济间谍活动和窃取美国知识产权及研究成果。
The stated aim of the China Initiative, launched by the Department of Justice in 2018, is to counter alleged Chinese economic espionage and theft of US intellectual property and research.
据信，在该计划于2022年由时任总统乔·拜登关闭之前，有数百名研究人员——其中许多是华裔——曾接受调查。批评者称，该计划未能发现间谍活动，却让华裔研究人员承受了更严格的审查。
Hundreds of researchers – many of them of Chinese descent – are believed to have been investigated under the programme before it was closed in 2022 by then president Joe Biden, after critics said it had failed to uncover espionage while subjecting Chinese-American researchers to heightened scrutiny.
此前未公开详细披露的案件之一是祥强（音译，Chu Xiang-qiang），她曾是韦恩州立大学物理学家，现任香港城市大学副教授。NSF指控她在中国长期逗留，并在那里担任未披露的额外工作。
One of the cases not previously detailed publicly is that of Chu Xiang-qiang, a former Wayne State University physicist who is now an associate professor at City University of Hong Kong. NSF accused her of spending long stretches in China and holding additional employment there that she had not disclosed.
一份已被撤回的美国物理学会摘要曾将她列为隶属于总部位于四川的中国工程物理研究院研究生院，该院从事中国核武器研究。
A since-withdrawn American Physical Society abstract listed her as affiliated with the graduate school of the Sichuan-headquartered China Academy of Engineering Physics, which conducts Chinese nuclear weapons research.
楚女士在给《南华早报》的电子邮件回复中驳斥了美国国家科学基金会的指控，称她一直披露在中国的工作经历。她还坚持认为她搬到香港“纯属个人决定，与[调查]无关”。
Chu rejected the NSF allegations in an emailed response to the South China Morning Post, saying she had always disclosed employment held in China. She also insisted that her move to Hong Kong “was a personal decision and had nothing to do with [the investigation]”.
“我作为全职教授加入中国工程物理研究院[北京]研究生院，这一事实在我在那里工作期间已完全披露，”她写道。
“I joined the Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics [in Beijing] as a full-time professor, which was fully disclosed during the years I worked there,” she wrote.
“我在任何暂停资金的行动采取之前就已辞去美国大学的职务，并将未使用的资金部分退还给NSF。我不知道NSF是否禁止我担任三年的审稿人或小组成员。”美国国家科学基金会监察长在2019年4月建议禁止楚女士担任审稿人或小组成员三年。
“I resigned from the US university and returned the unused portion of the funding to NSF before any action was taken to suspend it. I have no knowledge of whether NSF barred me from serving as a reviewer or panellist for three years.”The NSF’s inspector general recommended in April 2019 that Chu be barred from serving as a reviewer or panellist for three years.
此次调查报告的发布正值众议院委员会主席约翰·穆勒纳尔推动加强研究安全规则并推动《保障创新与研究免受对手威胁法案》通过之际。
The publication of the investigation comes as House committee chairman John Moolenaar pushes for tighter research security rules and the passage of the Securing Innovation and Research from Adversaries Act.
该提案立法将禁止联邦资助的研究人员与美国政府限制名单上的实体合作，仅在罕见的、逐案豁免的情况下允许例外。
The proposed legislation would bar federally funded researchers from collaborating with entities on US government restricted lists, permitting exceptions only under rare, case-by-case waivers.
由华裔美国人倡导团体“百人会”和亚利桑那大学于2021年进行的一项调查显示，42.2%的华裔科学家感到自己受到美国政府的种族剖析。
A 2021 survey by Chinese-American advocacy group the Committee of 100 and the University of Arizona found that 42.2 per cent of scientists of Chinese descent felt racially profiled by the US government.
非营利组织“联合华人”主席、直言不讳的民权活动家陈海佩表示，新发布的文件立刻唤起了她对“中国行动”早期“困扰回忆”的记忆。
Haipei Shue, president of the non-profit organisation United Chinese Americans and an outspoken civil rights activist, said the newly released documents immediately brought back “troubled memories” of the early days of the China Initiative.
“尽管该倡议已被叫停，但其后果却十分巨大，”他说。“它通过让华裔美国人感到自己的爱国精神受到质疑，从而削弱了信任，冻结了全球科学合作，并引发了中美学术‘脱钩’。”
“Though the initiative was shut down, the fallout has been immense,” he said. “It eroded trust by causing Chinese-Americans to feel their patriotism was questioned, chilled global scientific collaboration, and triggered academic ‘decoupling’ between the US and China.”