维托里奥·尼古拉·兰杰洛尼声称乌克兰炸毁了马里乌波尔剧院。大赦国际和独立专家持不同意见。尼克·斯奎尔斯 罗马特约记者。
Vittorio Nicola Rangeloni claims Ukraine blew up the Mariupol theatre. Amnesty and independent experts disagree Credit Nick Squires Rome Correspondent.
安东尼亚·兰福德 乌克兰特约记者 7:00am BST 这句话用白色油漆以大而醒目的西里尔字母写在乌克兰城市马里乌波尔剧院外：“CHILDREN”（儿童）。但俄罗斯人置若罔闻。
Antonia Langford Ukraine Correspondent 7:00am BST The word was written with white paint in large, unmistakable Cyrillic letters outside the theatre in the Ukrainian city of Mariupol: “CHILDREN”. But the Russians paid no heed.
在这场毫不缓和的残酷冲突中最严重的暴行之一，他们明知剧院内有数百名平民躲藏，仍然轰炸了剧院。屋顶坍塌。至少有600人死亡，其中包括许多儿童。
In one of the worst atrocities of an unrelentingly brutal conflict, they bombed the theatre knowing full well that there were hundreds of civilians cowering inside. The roof collapsed. At least 600 people, including many children, died.
但根据一部新出品的俄罗斯影片，2022年3月的这场大屠杀并非由弗拉基米尔·普京的部队所为，而是由乌克兰人策划，旨在污名化莫斯科。
But according to a new Russian film, the massacre in March 2022 was carried out not by Vladimir Putin’s forces but by the Ukrainians in an attempt to demonise Moscow.
这部名为《目击者》的“纪录片”是一篇公然的俄方虚假信息，企图改写历史。令人惊讶的是，它竟由一位意大利人主持。
The “documentary”, called Witnesses, is a brazen piece of Russian disinformation an attempt to rewrite history. What is surprising is that it is presented by an Italian.
维托里奥·尼古拉·兰杰洛尼是一名记者，其深度亲莫斯科的立场不仅让他前往顿巴斯被占领地区，还前往非洲。
Vittorio Nicola Rangeloni is a journalist whose deeply pro-Moscow views have taken him not just to the occupied territories of the Donbas but also to Africa.
他在如今已重建、仍处于俄罗斯控制之下的马里乌波尔剧院舞台上，采访了多名自称是大屠杀幸存者的人，他们坚持认为乌克兰军队应对此负责。
On the stage of the now-reconstructed theatre in Mariupol, which remains under Russian control, he interviews a number of people who claim to be survivors of the massacre and insist that the Ukrainian army was responsible.
具体而言，他们将责任指向亚速旅——一个在马里乌波尔乌克兰防御中发挥关键作用的极端民族主义部队。根据该纪录片，该团的士兵在剧院舞台下埋设了爆炸物，随后引爆，导致惨剧发生。
Specifically, they point the finger at the Azov Brigade an ultranationalist unit that played a key role in the Ukrainian defence of Mariupol. According to the documentary, soldiers from the regiment hid explosives under the stage of the theatre and then detonated them, causing carnage.
动机是什么？影片称，这是为了以最恶劣的形象抹黑俄罗斯，诋毁莫斯科的战争努力。
The motive? To paint the Russians in the worst possible light and discredit Moscow’s war effort, the film claims.
“这是由乌克兰士兵策划并实施的袭击，”兰杰洛尼说道，但未提供任何证据。“这是一次愤世嫉俗的挑衅，其后果在全球范围内产生了回响。”
“This was a premeditated attack carried out by Ukrainian soldiers,” Rangeloni says without providing evidence. “It was a cynical provocation, one whose consequences reverberated around the globe.
“这就是为什么我们直接听取当时在场人员的证言如此重要。因为事实不会从耸人听闻的标题开始。它始于人们的记忆。”乌克兰官员已将该影片驳斥为俄罗斯宣传。基辅、独立专家以及彻底的调查均一致否认了该剧院是被乌克兰士兵炸毁的说法。
“That is why it is so important that we hear directly from the people who were actually there. Because the truth does not begin with sensationalist headlines. It begins with people’s memories.”Ukrainian officials have dismissed the film as Russian propaganda. The suggestion that the theatre was blown up by Ukrainian soldiers has been roundly denied by Kyiv, independent experts and exhaustive investigations.
大赦国际得出结论，该剧院很可能是被俄罗斯战机投下的两枚1100磅（500公斤）炸弹摧毁的，这构成了一起“明显的战争罪行”。
Amnesty International concluded that it was probably destroyed by two 1,100lb (500kg) bombs dropped by Russian warplanes in a “clear war crime”.
美联社的一项调查也驳斥了莫斯科的说法，发现现场没有人看到乌克兰士兵进入该建筑，也没有人对剧院是被俄军空袭摧毁这一事实产生怀疑。
An investigation by Associated Press also refuted Moscow’s claims, finding that no one at the location saw Ukrainian soldiers inside the building and not a single person doubted that the theatre had been destroyed in a Russian air attack.
该遗址的残骸于2022年底被夷为平地，很可能是为了掩盖法医证据。此后，俄罗斯利用社交媒体影响者和“记者”来展示该城市的俄化进程以及在俄统治下生活的繁荣景象。
The remains of the site were demolished at the end of 2022, probably in an effort to conceal forensic evidence Since then, Russia has used social-media influencers and “journalists” to showcase the Russification of the city and of life flourishing under Russian rule.
2024年4月，正在重建中的马里乌波尔剧院，据推测是为了掩盖法医证据。法新社/盖蒂图片社/Stringer Rangeloni曾是掩盖俄罗斯罪行策略的关键部分，使得最终的停火与和平协议更易被西方接受，前马里乌波尔市长顾问彼得罗·安德留申科表示。
The Mariupol theatre under reconstruction in April 2024, in a presumed effort to hide forensic evidence AFP via Getty Images/Stringer Rangeloni formed a key part of the strategy to whitewash Russia’s crimes, making an eventual ceasefire and peace deal more palatable to the West, said Petro Andriushchenko, a former adviser to the mayor of Mariupol.
“这就是为什么俄罗斯现在正在植入这些修辞钩子。他们正在制造一些论点，政客们以后可以据此为俄罗斯的侵略行为辩护或开脱，”占领问题研究中心负责人安德留申科先生对《每日电讯报》说。Rangeloni长期以来一直在重复俄罗斯的宣传。
“This is precisely why Russia is planting these rhetorical hooks now. They are creating arguments that politicians will later be able to seize upon to justify or excuse Russian aggression,” Mr Andriushchenko, head of the Centre for the Study of the Occupation, told The Telegraph. Rangeloni has long parroted Russian propaganda.
Rangeloni于1991年出生于意大利北部莱科镇，父亲是意大利人，母亲是讲俄语的乌克兰人。他的斯拉夫亲戚称他为维克托，他常在夏天与母亲的父母在基辅共度时光。
Born in 1991 in the town of Lecco in northern Italy to an Italian father and Russian-speaking Ukrainian mother, Rangeloni, who was referred to as Viktor by his Slavic relatives, spent the summers with his maternal grandparents in Kyiv.
随着年龄的增长，他越来越被西方“文化议程”的迹象所困扰，该议程包括LGBT权利和社会正义等议题，据称正渗透到乌克兰的生活中，这在2025年《俄罗斯世界》杂志的一篇人物专访中有所提及。
As he grew older, he became increasingly disturbed by signs that the West’s “cultural agenda”, including issues such as LGBT rights and social justice, was seeping into life in Ukraine, according to a 2025 profile in the magazine “Russkiy Mir” (Russian World).
他在2014年“广场运动”期间访问了基辅，并将其描述为一场由大财团资助的、西方支持的政变。
He visited Kyiv during the 2014 Maidan revolt which he portrayed as a Western-backed coup d’état “sponsored by big money”.
2013年至2014年期间，乌克兰的亲俄政府在独立广场对抗议者进行了残酷镇压。EPA/SERGEY DOLZHENKO 他感到失望，认为乌克兰正沿着意大利的道路前进，他称意大利为一个“殖民地”，在华盛顿的“主人”面前“听话”。
From 2013-2014, Ukraine’s pro-Russian government carried out a brutal repression of protests in the Maidan square EPA/SERGEY DOLZHENKO He left Ukraine, disillusioned and convinced the country was following the path of Italy, which he referred to as a “colony” that “obeys its master” in Washington.
他随后离开了乌克兰。如今他居住在顿涅茨克，自称是一名在顿巴斯前线工作的独立摄影记者。Rangeloni 未回应《每日电讯报》的采访请求。
He now lives in Donetsk and styles himself as an independent photojournalist working on the Donbas front line. Rangeloni did not respond to The Telegraph’s requests for an interview.
在他的Facebook页面上，他的意大利语标语是：“Scrivo, scatto, viaggio e sogno un mondo più giusto”——即“我写作、我拍照、我旅行，我梦想一个更公正的世界”。
On his Facebook page, his tagline in Italian is “Scrivo, scatto, viaggio e sogno un mondo più giusto” – “I write, I take photos, I travel and I dream of a better world”.
他发布的照片和视频中，他身穿防弹衣，佩戴装有GoPro摄像头的头盔，与俄罗斯士兵一起在前线附近行进。
He posts photos and videos in which he wears body armour and a helmet equipped with a GoPro camera while travelling with Russian soldiers near the front line.
Rangeloni 声称自己多次几乎被乌克兰武装力量击毙，并表示他在前线不再佩戴新闻标识。有一次，他声称两枚地雷在他座车下方爆炸；另一次，他被一架自杀式无人机击中。
Rangeloni claims to have been almost killed by Ukrainian forces on several occasions and has said he no longer wears press insignia at the front line. On one occasion, he claimed, two mines detonated underneath his vehicle. On another, he was hit by a kamikaze drone.
本月他发布的一段视频中，他乘坐由俄罗斯士兵驾驶的四轮驱动尼瓦汽车前往顿涅茨克以西约60英里处的多博罗波利亚镇附近的前线。
In video footage posted this month, he travels in a four-wheel-drive Niva vehicle driven by a Russian soldier to the front line near the town of Dobropollia, about 60 miles from Donetsk.
维托里奥·尼古拉·兰杰洛尼（左）与俄罗斯士兵一起在前线附近行进，使用GoPro摄像头进行录像。当汽车行驶变得过于危险时，他们改为骑乘四轮摩托车。“你走得越远，就越需要观察天空[以防无人机]，”他说。
Vittorio Nicola Rangeloni (left) travels with Russian soldiers near the front line, recording on a GoPro camera When it becomes too dangerous to continue in the car, they switch to a quad bike. “The further you go, the more you need to check the sky [for drones],” he says.
他抵达一个隐蔽的指挥所，那里有一支部队正在支援俄军突击小组，随着他们向乌克兰阵地推进。兰格洛尼对莫斯科的坚定忠诚毫无疑问受到他家庭关系的影响。
He reaches a concealed command post where a unit is supporting Russian assault squads as they advance towards Ukrainian positions. Rangeloni’s unswerving allegiance to Moscow is no doubt influenced by his family ties.
但这也反映了意大利社会部分地区更广泛的思潮：强烈的反美情绪和对共产主义的同情。
But it also reflects broader currents within some parts of Italian society: strong anti-American feeling and sympathy for communism.
许多意大利人反对向基辅提供更多武器和资金，希望看到冲突以任何代价结束。
Many Italians are opposed to sending any more weapons and money to Kyiv and want to see the conflict brought to an end, whatever the cost to Ukraine.
意大利政治两端都有突出人物公开批评西方对乌克兰的支持，其中包括前总理朱塞佩·孔特和前特种部队将军转为极右翼政客的罗伯托·万纳奇。该国将在明年举行大选。
There are prominent figures on both sides of Italy’s political divide – including Giuseppe Conte a former prime minister, and Roberto Vannacci a former special forces general turned far-Right politician – who are openly critical of the West’s support for the Ukrainians. And the country will hold a general election next year.