
一名亚利桑那州街头传道人正在起诉图森市,挑战一项禁止宗教言论的活动政策,因为警方曾威胁要因他在一年一度的节日庆典上谈论耶稣而逮捕他。
An Arizona street evangelist is suing the city of Tucson and challenging an event policy barring religious speech after police officers threatened to arrest him for discussing Jesus at an annual holiday festival.
大卫·霍夫曼(David Hoffman)在公共场所进行传道已有十余年,他认为大型公共聚会对他的基督教事工至关重要。
David Hoffman has been evangelizing at public events for over a decade and views large public gatherings as crucial to his Christian ministry.
“我们所做的就是向那些最不可能走进教会的人传福音,我们去那些尚未有基督徒见证的活动和场所,并与人交谈,”他对福克斯新闻数字版(Fox News Digital)表示。
"What we do is we share the gospel with people that are most likely never going to go into a church, and we go to events and places where there's not already a Christian witness, and we have conversations," he told Fox News Digital.
近十年来,霍夫曼经常参加图森的Winterhaven灯光节(Winterhaven Festival of Lights),这是一项免费的假日活动,成千上万的游客穿过住宅区观赏灯光展览。但在2025年12月的该节日中,霍夫曼称,图森市警察因新活动规定禁止他分享信仰,并以刑事非法侵入罪威胁他。
For nearly ten years, Hoffman regularly attended Tuscon's Winterhaven Festival of Lights, a free holiday event where thousands of visitors walk through a residential neighborhood to view light displays. But during the December 2025 festival, Hoffman said city police officers barred him from sharing his faith and threatened him with criminal trespassing charges under new event rules.
共和党议员呼吁最高法院加强对街头传道人的第一修正案保护。霍夫曼对福克斯新闻数字版表示:“进入活动后,我们被告知不能有任何形式的宗教表达。他们说你可以在那里参加观看灯光。但当我们试图与某人交谈或发放福音传单时,就会违反他们所执行的规定。”
"Upon entering the event, we were told that we can't have any kind of religious expression," Hoffman told Fox News Digital. "They said that you can be there to participate in looking at the lights. But the moment, you know, we tried to talk to somebody or give out a gospel tract, that would lead to a violation of what they were enforcing." According to a federal lawsuit filed on Hoffman’s behalf by First Liberty Institute, the city of Tucson adopted an event solicitation policy last year prohibiting "religious, political, or issue-based leafleting" with signs posted at entrances relaying these prohibitions and warning that violators could face removal and trespassing charges enforced by Tucson police.

根据第一自由研究所(First Liberty Institute)代表霍夫曼提交的联邦诉讼,图森市去年通过了一项活动征求政策,禁止“宗教、政治或议题为基础的传单发放”,并在入口处张贴标牌传达这些禁令,警告违规者可能被驱逐并面临图森警察执行的非法侵入罪指控。
When Hoffman attempted to speak with attendees, officers approached Hoffman and said he could not be inside "doing the preaching." When Hoffman asked if his volume was an issue, an officer explained that "it's the sending of your message, which is one of the prohibited rules," according to the complaint.
当霍夫曼试图与与会者交谈时,警官走近他并告诉他不能在场内“进行布道”。当霍夫曼询问他的音量是否有问题时,一名警官解释说:“这是在传递你的信息,这是一条被禁止的规定。”根据投诉所述。
The officer went on to tell Hoffman that asking someone if they would like to discuss Jesus amounted to "sermonizing," adding that "once you start sermonizing, that becomes a problem," according to the complaint.
警官继续告诉霍夫曼,询问某人是否愿意讨论耶稣等同于“布道”,并补充说:“一旦你开始布道,那就成了问题。”根据投诉所述。最高法院一致驳斥蓝州针对亲生命团体的行动“在某个时刻,霍夫曼被几名警察拦下,”第一自由律所法律顾问加雷特·贝尔对福克斯新闻数字版说。“他说,‘嗯,如果有人走过来问我,我怎样才能得救?我可以回应他们吗?’而警官告诉他,‘不,如果你想和他们进行这样的对话,你就必须离开活动区域的边界。’”
"At one point, Hoffman is stopped by a couple of police," First Liberty legal counsel Garrett Bell told Fox News Digital. "And he says, 'Well, what if someone comes up to me and asks me, how can I be saved? Can I respond to them?' And the officers told him, 'No, if you want to have that conversation with them, you're going to have to step outside the perimeter of the event.'"
根据投诉,警官和一名活动组织者告诉霍夫曼,这些言论限制是市政府根据过去的投诉制定的政策。在多次警告之后,四名身着制服的图森警察在面临逮捕威胁的情况下将霍夫曼护送出了节日现场。
According to the complaint, officers and an event organizer told Hoffman the speech restrictions were city policy established in response to past complaints. After repeated warnings, four uniformed Tucson police officers escorted Hoffman out of the festival under threat of arrest.
根据投诉,警官告诉他,他可以在节日周边外的指定“言论自由区”进行布道。
Officers told him he could preach in a designated "free expression zone" outside the festival perimeter, according to the complaint.
“当我看到时,我觉得有点像笼子,因为他们设置了这些路障,然后说,‘你可以待在那个角落里,’”霍夫曼说。“而且感觉有点奇怪,真的很奇怪,因为感觉就像,你知道的,把基督徒安排在这个特定区域。”第一自由律所称,这个被路障围起来的区域设在一条繁忙的街道旁边,这使得与路过的人进行交谈变得不切实际。
"When I saw it, it kind of looked like a cage because they had these barricades set up, and they said, 'You can be in that corner over there,'" Hoffman said. "And it felt kind of, just really, it felt funny because it's like, you know, putting the Christians over kind of in this specific area." First Liberty alleges the barricaded zone was set up alongside a busy street which made engaging in conversations with people passing by impractical.

法律团队表示,在整个节庆区域内,允许商业食品供应商、现场表演者以及播放放大音乐的15人乘坐“踩踏酒吧”派对自行车。
The legal group says commercial food vendors, live performers, and 15-passenger "pedal pub" party bikes playing amplified music were permitted throughout the festival area.
2025年12月,第一自由组织代表霍夫曼向图森市发出要求信,警告该市的政策违宪,但该组织表示未收到回复。第一自由组织本周对该市提起诉讼,称该政策侵犯了霍夫曼的第一修正案言论自由和宗教自由行使权利,以及第十四修正案的正当程序条款和亚利桑那州宪法。
In December 2025, First Liberty sent a demand letter to Tucson on Hoffman's behalf, warning the city that its policy was unconstitutional, but the group said it received no response. First Liberty filed a complaint against the city this week, alleging the policy violates Hoffman's First Amendment rights to free speech and the free exercise of religion, the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause and the Arizona Constitution.
该诉讼请求初步和永久禁令救济,以允许霍夫曼在今年的活动中传播福音,并要求作出宣告性判决,认定该政策违宪。
The complaint asks for preliminary and permanent injunctive relief to allow Hoffman to share the gospel at this year's event, and a declaratory judgment that the policy is unconstitutional.
特朗普司法部在重大最高法院裁决后扩大宗教自由保护“此次活动正在城市街道和人行道上举行,在宪法法律中,这些区域——比如公共公园——提供了你所能到达的任何地点中最多的宪法保护,”贝尔说。
"This event is happening on city streets and city sidewalks, and in constitutional law, those areas, along with, say, a public park, offer the most constitutional protection of any location you can be at," Bell said.

他还认为,该市的政策针对宗教观点进行了挑剔。“你可以谈论天气。你可以谈论亚利桑那州红雀队或亚利桑那大学野猫队,但你不能谈论宗教,”他补充道。
He also argued that the city's policy singles out religious viewpoints. "You can talk about the weather. You can talk about the Arizona Cardinals or the U of A Wildcats, but you can't talk about religion," he added.
“在公共圣诞节活动中审查基督教信息是恶意的、违宪的且荒谬的,”第一自由组织高级顾问内特·凯勒姆在一份声明中表示。“公共街头节日就是如此——一个公共空间,公民可以在此访问、散步,并就不同思想相互交谈。政府不能仅禁止宗教信息。”该诉讼将图森市和图森警察局警官马特·亚历山大和威廉·莱昂纳德以个人身份列为被告。
"Censoring a Christian message during a public Christmas event is malicious, unconstitutional, and absurd," Nate Kellum, senior counsel at First Liberty, said in a statement. "A public street festival is just that – a public space where citizens can visit, walk around, and converse with each other about different ideas. The government cannot ban only religious messages." The complaint names the city of Tucson and Tucson PD officers Matt Alexander and William Leonard, in their individual capacities, as defendants.
图森市表示,它不对待决诉讼发表评论。图森警察局未立即回复福克斯新闻数字版的置评请求。
The city of Tucson said it does not comment on pending litigation. The Tucson PD did not immediately return Fox News Digital's request for comment.