莫戈莫茨马戈姆约翰内斯堡 — — 已故莫桑比克总统、自由斗士萨莫拉·马切尔将于周一在南非和莫桑比克联合举行的仪式上被纪念，以纪念他因神秘空难悲剧性逝世40周年。
MOGOMOTSI MAGOME JOHANNESBURG — The late Mozambican president and freedom fighter Samora Machel will be remembered Monday at a joint ceremony by South Africa and Mozambique to mark 40 years since he tragically died in a mysterious plane crash.
该仪式将在南非姆普马兰加省的姆布祖尼地区举行，该地区靠近空难发生地点。
The ceremony is set to take place in Mbuzini, an area in South Africa’s Mpumalanga province near the plane crash site.
马切尔在莫桑比克于1975年从葡萄牙殖民统治中独立后成为该国领导人，直至他于1986年英年早逝。
Machel was Mozambique’s leader after it gained independence from Portuguese colonial rule in 1975 until his untimely death in 1986.
他的逝世在整个非洲大陆引起巨震，他当时是一位直言不讳且备受尊敬的反殖民主义声音。
His death sent shock waves throughout the continent, where he was an outspoken and revered anti-colonial voice.
对导致马切尔及另外34人遇难的空难原因的调查将责任归咎于飞行员，但他逝世40年后，人们仍对真正发生的事情存在疑问。以下是关于马切尔及导致他遇难的神秘空难的一些关键信息：1986年10月18日，马切尔与其部分内阁成员、记者和机组人员一同乘机时，飞机在南非姆布祖尼地区靠近莫桑比克和埃斯瓦蒂尼边境的莱博姆山脉坠毁，导致他遇害。他们当时正从赞比亚的地区领导人会议返回。
An inquiry into the cause of the plane crash that killed Machel and 34 other people blamed the pilots, but 40 years after his death there are still questions about what really happened. Here’s what to know about Machel and the mysterious plane crash that killed one of Africa’s leading political figures: On Oct. 18, 1986, Machel was killed alongside some members of his cabinet, journalists and flight crew members when the plane they were traveling in crashed into the Lebombo mountains in the South African area of Mbuzini near the Mozambique and Eswatini border. They were returning from a meeting of regional leaders in Zambia.
由南非领导的对空难的调查将事故归咎于飞行员，并排除了任何阴谋的可能，但莫桑比克认为此次空难是南非政府策划的刺杀马切尔的行动。
A South Africa-led investigation into the plane crash blamed the pilots for the crash and ruled out any foul play, but Mozambique believed the crash was planned by the South African government to assassinate Machel.
来自莫桑比克和苏联（飞机制造国）的官员和专家驳回了该报告的结论。
Officials and experts from Mozambique and the Soviet Union, where the aircraft was manufactured, rejected the findings of the report.
他们的一些指控称，有人设置了假信标以将飞机引向错误方向，但调查对此予以否认。
Among some of their allegations was that a false beacon had been erected to divert the aircraft in the wrong direction, but this was dismissed by the inquiry.
此次空难也曾是南非后种族隔离时期真相与和解委员会的调查对象，尽管该委员会未得出明确结论，但建议开展进一步调查。
The plane crash was also the subject of the post-apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa, which did not make any conclusive findings but recommended further investigations.
然而，这也引发了对1987年调查报告所得结论的一些质疑，包括坠机前一天南非士兵据称出现在坠机现场附近。
It did, however, raise some questions about the conclusions reached by the report of the 1987 inquiry, including the alleged presence of South African soldiers in the area of the crash a day before it happened.
莫桑比克在民族解放阵线（FRELIMO）进行了十年武装斗争后，于1975年从葡萄牙殖民统治下独立。FRELIMO主要从坦桑尼亚的基地开展解放战争。
Mozambique gained independence from Portuguese colonial rule in 1975 after a decade-long armed struggle by the country’s nationalist movement, FRELIMO, which had waged its liberation war mainly from bases in Tanzania.
1969年该运动当时的主要人物爱德华多·蒙德兰去世后，马切尔成为解放运动的主要领导人。
Machel became the liberation movement’s main leader after the 1969 death of its then leading figure, Eduardo Mondlane.
FRELIMO的武装斗争逐渐获得动力，到1974年已控制莫桑比克北部大片地区，而葡萄牙正努力维持其殖民战争的人力和财政负担，这些战争还在安哥拉和几内亚比绍进行。
FRELIMO’s armed struggle gained momentum and by 1974 it was controlling large parts of northern Mozambique while Portugal was struggling to maintain the human and financial toll of its colonial wars that were also taking place in Angola and Guinea-Bissau.
1974年葡萄牙独裁政权被推翻后，新政府决定结束战争，并与FRELIMO签署了卢萨卡协议，建立过渡政府并制定走向独立的框架。
Following the 1974 overthrow of the dictatorship in Portugal, the new government decided to bring an end to the wars and signed the Lusaka Accord with FRELIMO, putting in place a transitional government and a framework toward independence.
1975年，马切尔宣誓就任该国总统，宣布莫桑比克独立，建立一党制马克思主义国家。
In 1975, Machel was sworn in as the country’s president and declared Mozambique’s independence, establishing a one-party Marxist state.
然而，庆祝活动并未持续太久，该国在独立两年后陷入FRELIMO与反共运动雷纳莫（RENAMO）之间的内战。雷纳莫成立于独立后，得到南非和当时的罗得西亚的支持。
However, the celebrations were short-lived as the country was plunged into a civil war between FRELIMO and the rebel movement RENAMO, an anti-communist movement formed after independence and backed by South Africa and the then Rhodesia, two years after independence.
尽管莫桑比克已获得独立，但马切尔认为，只要南部非洲仍存在白人少数人统治，其国家的自由就不完整。
While Mozambique had gained its own independence, Machel saw his country’s freedom as incomplete while there was still white minority rule in southern Africa.
他与“斗争继续”（A luta continua）这一短语紧密联系在一起，意为“斗争继续”，他反复高喊这句话，指代反对南非种族隔离以及当时称为罗得西亚的津巴布韦白人少数人统治的解放斗争。
He became synonymous with the phrase “A luta continua,” which translates to “the struggle continues,” as he repeatedly chanted it in reference to the liberation struggle against apartheid South Africa and white minority rule in Zimbabwe, then known as Rhodesia.
他对该地区解放运动的支持，使莫桑比克在南非和津巴布韦政府追捕在该国寻求庇护的自由战士时，面临突袭和空袭的威胁。
His support for liberation movements in the region made Mozambique vulnerable to raids and airstrikes by the governments of South Africa and Zimbabwe as they pursued freedom fighters who found refuge in the country.
当时，许多来自南非和津巴布韦的解放战士在莫桑比克的袭击中丧生。
Many liberation fighters from South Africa and Zimbabwe were killed during attacks in Mozambique during the time.
马切尔政府得到苏联和古巴的支持，其马克思列宁主义立场将其与雷纳莫的冲突转变为一场冷战代理人战争。
Machel’s government was backed by the Soviet Union and Cuba, and its Marxist-Leninist posture transformed its clashes with RENAMO into a Cold War proxy conflict.