
让我为你介绍一个词汇——“自我夸耀的更正”。很少有事能像这样充分展现出部分新闻媒体对自己和行业的过度自我崇拜。你可能记得具体情况:一家新闻机构或记者在报道时出错,随后发布一则看似旨在让所有人知道他们仍然高于其报道对象的更正。虽然这在特朗普政府第一任期内尤为盛行,但它仍时有发生。媒体从业者把自己纠正错误这一最基本的信息职业要求视为自身美德的证明。
Allow me to introduce to your vocabulary the "self-congratulatory correction." Few things demonstrate so well the excessive self-regard that some in the news media have for themselves and their industry. You may recall the particulars: A news organization or journalist bungles a story and then issues a correction seemingly designed to make sure everyone knows they are still superior to the targets of their reporting.
MS NOW 的记者 Ken Dilanian 上周犯了严重错误,他误报称 FBI 局长 Kash Patel 刚刚抵达俄罗斯。事实是 Patel 并不在俄罗斯,而是在弗吉尼亚出席公开活动。Dilanian 拿到的信息很差,而且太过吸引人而未加核查。羞愧在脸上,这位 MS NOW 记者最终在电视上道歉。但他并未满足于仅仅承认错误,而是补充道:“我们对这一错误深感遗憾,并且在出现错误时保持透明。”
Although this was much more of a fad during the first Trump administration, it still happens. People in media treat the mere act of correcting their own mistakes — one of the most basic requirements in any information-based profession — as proof of their own virtue. MS NOW’s Ken Dilanian really stepped in it last week when he misreported that FBI Director Kash Patel had just landed in Russia.
好吧,这难道不是理所当然吗?难道你不欠读者至少这么多吗?这类对失败的自我夸耀在特朗普第一任期内更为常见,也同样令人不耐烦,当时总统的背叛常被误解为对新闻恶质的绝对赦免。2020 年,前 CNN 分析师 Chris Cillizza 认为,仅凭编辑备注和更正的存在就证明了媒体的所谓优越性,尤其是与那些说谎的“坏人”相比。
“我们公开发布更正——以最透明的方式——正是我们致力于做到正确的证明,”Cillizza 写道。
The problem: Patel was not in Russia. He was in Virginia, speaking at a public event. Dilanian had bad information, and it was too good to check. With egg on his face, the MS NOW reporter eventually issued an on-air correction. But rather than let it go at just admitting a mistake, he added the following: “We regret this error, and we are transparent about when we make errors.”
现在,对比一下特朗普总统和白宫的作法。据《华盛顿邮报》事实检查博客报道,特朗普在首个1,170天任期内说了超过18,000次错误或误导性言论——平均每天有15条错误主张。
Well, yes — why wouldn’t he be transparent about it? Don't you owe your readers at least that much? Isn't that the bare minimum?
《华盛顿邮报》事实检查部前主管格伦·凯斯勒(Glenn Kessler)在2018年撰写了一篇题为“The news media does apologize for mistakes, unlike the White House”的专栏。
同年,纽约时报对一则关于特朗普集会人数的报道作出小幅修正,将原定的1,000人上调至约5,500人。该文章作者朱莉·赫希尔德·戴维斯(Julie Hirschfeld Davis)随后在推特上发布更正,写道[加重强调]:“总统[特朗普]关于昨晚人群规模的说法是正确的。我的估计严重失误,我们已根据消防员的估计将故事修正为5,500人。当我们出错时,我们会坦白说。”
This sort of self-congratulation for failure was much more common — and just as insufferable — during Trump's first term, when the president's perfidy was often confused for a blanket absolution for journalistic malpractice.
他们为何要反复强调这一点,仿佛他们配得上一枚不严重误导读者的奖章?早在2017年,当时《华盛顿邮报》评论员菲利普·邦普(Philip Bump)曾专门警告说,新闻媒体的诚实程度过于高,以至于对自身不利。他说,媒体对错误记录的执着让它们暴露于不公平的攻击之下。“特朗普准备充分发动针对美国民主机构的非对称作战,而媒体是他最有效的攻击目标,”邦普在标题为“与特朗普不同,媒体承认自己的错误”的专栏中写道。
“他的职业生涯——部分是推销员,部分是表演者,部分是诈骗者——让他领悟到一个关键课题,而事实证明,这对媒体的效果与装置爆炸对军用车队的威慑力一样有效:永不承认自己错误。”
请记住:在这些文章撰写的年代,主要新闻机构正尝试完成一个艰巨的任务——证明幻想是现实。
In 2020, then-CNN analyst Chris Cillizza cited the mere existence of editor’s notes and corrections as proof of the media’s supposed superiority, especially when compared to the bad man who says false things. “The very fact that we issue public corrections — in the most transparent way possible — is a testament to our commitment to getting it right,” Cillizza wrote.
他们投入了荒唐的时间、精力、人力和资源,试图证明一个阴谋论,即弗拉基米尔·普京安装了特朗普成为美国总统,甚至为自己编造的故事颁发了重大荣誉,而这个故事最终就像三美元钞票一样虚假。就在本月,《纽约时报》前执行编辑吉尔·阿布拉姆森赞扬了《纽约时报》专栏作家尼科尔·汉娜-琼斯,因为她质疑自己出于进步理想主义而毁掉女儿教育的决定。
“Now, contrast that approach to how President Trump and the White House operate. Trump, according to The Washington Post’s Fact-Checker blog, has said more than 18,000 false or misleading things in his first 1,170 days in office—an average of 15 incorrect claims every single day he has been president.”
汉娜-琼斯最近写道,也许让女儿进入一所臭名昭著的糟糕学校是个错误,而她本可以负担得起更好的教育。作为回应,阿布拉姆森对琼斯的勇敢赞不绝口,宣称“‘我错了’是我们拥有的最有力的话语。”她随后(当然)转向对特朗普的不利比较,称特朗普为他的孩子提供了良好的教育。至于汉娜-琼斯以及媒体中其他愿意承认错误的人,阿布拉姆森警告他们的诚实将被用作武器对付他们。
Speaking of the Washington Post Fact-Checker, its former chief, Glenn Kessler, wrote an entire post in 2018 simply titled “The news media does apologize for mistakes, unlike the White House.”
“我担心这会让这份报纸成为特朗普总统更大的目标,”阿布拉姆森警告道。“特朗普完全无法承认自己曾经犯过错。”令人难以置信的是,她的思绪竟然飘向了特朗普——而不是飘向那个聪明的年轻女孩,她的童年机会在十余年里被牺牲在以自我为中心的美德表演的祭坛上。阿布拉姆森还赞扬了新闻室近年来更愿意承认错误的相对较新的现象。
That same year, the New York Times issued a minor correction, updating its estimate of a Trump rally from 1,000 to roughly 5,500 attendees. The story’s author, Julie Hirschfeld Davis, eventually tweeted a correction, writing [emphasis added]: “President [Trump] is correct about his crowd last night. My estimate was way off, and we have corrected our story to reflect the fire marshal’s estimate of 5,500 people. When we get it wrong, we say so.”
她说得对,一些主要新闻机构在这一方面仍然拖延脚步。这包括ABC新闻,它本月早些时候报道了一则虚假新闻,称与唐纳德·特朗普 Jr.和埃里克·特朗普有关联的公司——他们获得了超过60亿美元的政府合同。该新闻在发表当天就被撤下,没有编辑说明或澄清。
Why do they keep stressing this final point, as if they deserve a medal for not grossly misleading their readers?
在超过24小时的沉默之后,ABC恢复了该报道的一个版本,但标题不同,论点不同,关键主张被删除,而60亿美元的数字完全消失。甚至原作者的名字也消失了,署名被替换为通用的“ABC NEWS”。这就是规避全面撤稿的一种方式。我们的首要任务是把事情说对 — — 因此,就在这一点上,你们在发布更正时就已经失败了。
Earlier, in 2017, then-Washington Post commentator Philip Bump warned specifically that the news media were just too darned honest for their own good. Their dedication to correcting the record, he said, was opening them up to unfair attacks.
这种错误的承认是必要的,但它不足以成为自夸的理由 — — 相反,它只是你们必须跨越的最低门槛,以此来挽回你们在读者心中剩余的可信度。将更正与自我优越感联系起来是粗俗的、傲慢的,甚至暗示了一种令人担忧的缺乏悔意。这实际上 — — 如果我说出来的话 — — 是特朗普式的。贝克特·亚当斯是华盛顿的一名记者和媒体评论家。
““Donald Trump was eminently prepared to launch an asymmetric warfare campaign against the institutions of American democracy, nowhere more effectively than against the media,” Bump complained in an article that ran under the syndicated headline “Unlike Trump, media owns its mistakes.” “His career — part salesman, part showman, part hustler — taught him a key lesson that, as it turns out, was as effective against the media as an IED could be against a military caravan: Never admit you’re wrong.” Remember: during the years these pieces were written, major newsrooms attempted the Herculean task of proving fantasies were reality. They poured an absurd amount of time, effort, manpower, and resources into proving a conspiracy theory alleging that Vladimir Putin had installed Trump as U.S. president, going so far as to award themselves major honors for a story that was ultimately as phony as a three-dollar bill. Just this month, former New York Times executive editor Jill Abramson praised New York Times columnist Nikole Hannah-Jones for questioning her own decision to sabotage her daughter's education in the name of progressive idealism. Hannah-Jones wrote recently that maybe it was a mistake to enroll her daughter in an infamously crummy school when she could afford better. In response, Abramson gushed over Jones’s bravery, declaring “‘I was wrong’ are the most powerful words we have.” She then segued (of course) into unfavorable comparisons to Trump, who provided a good education for his children. As for Hannah-Jones and anyone else in media willing to concede fault, Abramson warns their honesty will be weaponized against them. “I worry that it makes the paper an even bigger target for President Trump,” Abramson warned. “Trump is utterly incapable of admitting he was ever wrong.” Incredibly, that's where her mind went — to Trump; not to the tragedy of a bright young girl whose childhood opportunities were sacrificed over a decade on the altar of self-centered virtue-signaling. Abramson also cheered the relatively recent phenomenon of newsrooms being more willing to admit when they are at fault. She is right that some major news outlets still drag their feet in this area. This includes ABC News, which ran a false story earlier this month about companies tied to Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump — that they had secured more than $6 billion in government contracts. The story disappeared the same day it was published, with no editor’s note or clarification. After more than 24 hours of nothing, ABC restored a version of the story with a different headline, a different thesis, key claims removed, and the $6 billion figure completely missing. Even the name of the story’s original author disappeared, his byline swapped for the generic “ABC NEWS.” That's one way of getting around a full retraction. Our first job is to get it right — so already on that count you have failed when you issue a correction. That admission of error is needed, but it is not grounds for self-praise — rather, it is the lowest possible bar you must clear to salvage your remaining credibility with readers. To attach your correction to a sense of self-superiority is gross and hubristic and even suggests an alarming lack of contrition. It is positively — if I may say it — Trumpian. Becket Adams is a journalist and media critic in Washington.