米歇尔·古梅德（Michelle Gumede）/约翰内斯堡——南非前总统塔博·姆贝基（Thabo Mbeki）周一表示，他既没有下令检察官停止调查与种族隔离时期相关的犯罪案件，也没有秘密达成任何协议来庇护那些曾担任安保人员的罪犯，使他们免受法律制裁。
MICHELLE GUMEDE JOHANNESBURG — Former South African President Thabo Mbeki said Monday that he had neither ordered prosecutors to stop cases involving apartheid-era crimes nor struck secret deals to shield former security officers from justice.
“这完全是一派胡言，根本不存在这样的行为，”姆贝基在约翰内斯堡的一次司法调查中说道。此次调查旨在调查有关“政治干预阻碍了对白人少数统治时期所犯罪行的调查和起诉”的指控。
“It’s a complete fabrication. There was no such thing,” Mbeki told a judicial inquiry in Johannesburg examining allegations that political interference in democratic South Africa prevented investigations and prosecutions of crimes committed under white minority rule.
姆贝基于1999年接替纳尔逊·曼德拉（Nelson Mandela）执政，直至2008年卸任。他在一份书面声明中表示，国家检察机关（National Prosecuting Authority, NPA）必须解释为何未能对真相与和解委员会（Truth and Reconciliation Commission, TRC）移交的案件采取行动。
Mbeki , who succeeded Nelson Mandela in 1999 and served until 2008, said in a written statement that the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) must explain why it failed to pursue cases referred by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC).
他的证词正值人们重新努力解决那些多年来一直未被起诉的种族隔离时期犯罪问题的关键时刻。在他出庭作证之前，人权基金会（Foundation for Human Rights）以及25个受害者及其家属团体要求政府作出解释并公开道歉。
His testimony comes amid renewed efforts to resolve apartheid-era crimes left unprosecuted for decades. Ahead of his appearance, the Foundation for Human Rights and 25 families of victims and survivors called for an explanation and an apology.
“经过多年的等待与隐瞒，这些家属们真心期待政府能坦诚地说明为何他们至今仍未得到应有的正义，”该基金会执行董事扎伊德·基米（Zaid Kimmie）在一份声明中表示。
“After so many years of waiting and obfuscation, the families really look forward to a candid explanation of why they have been denied justice,” the foundation’s executive director, Zaid Kimmie, said in a statement.
非洲人国民大会（African National Congress, ANC）曾是反对白人少数统治制度、推动南非走向民主的先锋力量；1994年种族隔离制度终结后，该党领导的政府也曾因将民族和解置于受害者权益之上而受到批评。
The African National Congress was at the forefront of the battle against the system of white minority rule and led South Africa to democracy when apartheid ended in 1994 . But ANC-led governments since then have been criticized by some for prioritizing national reconciliation over justice for victims.
去年4月，在一些幸存者及受害者家属起诉历届政府（指控其未能调查未解决的谋杀、失踪等犯罪行为）之后，西里尔·拉马福萨（Cyril Ramaphosa）总统下令展开此次调查。
President Cyril Ramaphosa ordered the inquiry last April after survivors and victims’ families sued successive governments for failing to investigate unresolved killings, disappearances and other crimes.
自1996年起，由德斯蒙德·图图大主教担任主席的真相委员会规定：犯罪者只要全面交代自己犯下的政治相关罪行，便可获得赦免。那些未被批准赦免或未申请赦免的人仍需承担法律责任；然而，许多受害者家属数十年来一直在等待正义得以伸张。
The truth commission, chaired by Archbishop Desmond Tutu from 1996, offered perpetrators amnesty in exchange for full disclosure of politically motivated crimes. Those denied amnesty or who did not apply remained liable to prosecution, but many victims’ families have waited decades for justice.
据司法部发布的阶段性统计数据显示，真相委员会共收到约7000份赦免申请。截至2000年11月，约有850份申请获批，约5400份被驳回；其余申请则处于部分批准、申请人撤回或仍在处理的状态。
The truth commission received about 7,000 amnesty applications. By November 2000, roughly 850 had been granted, and about 5,400 refused, according to an interim tally published by the Justice Department, with other applications partly granted, withdrawn or still being processed.
根据南非国家检察院委托开展的评估，真相委员会将约300起案件移交相关部门作进一步调查并视情况提起诉讼，但最终成功定罪的案件寥寥无几。由于存在政治干预的指控，许多被移交的案件均陷入停滞状态。此外，关键证据缺失以及证人与嫌疑人的相继离世也大大增加了起诉的难度。
The truth commission referred about 300 cases for further investigation and possible prosecution, according to an NPA-commissioned review, but only a handful resulted in successful prosecutions. Many referred cases have stalled amid allegations of political interference. Missing evidence and the deaths of witnesses and suspects have made prosecutions more difficult.
针对姆贝基的指控称，他曾与前军方将领进行秘密会谈，试图达成一项规避法律追责的私下协议。2003年4月，在回应真相委员会的最终报告时，姆贝基在议会发言称，检察官“在情报机构的协助下”，可与愿意交代过往罪行的人达成合法协议。批评者指出，姆贝基内阁的上述回应为政治干预打开了方便之门。
Allegations against Mbeki include secret talks with former military generals to secure a clandestine agreement to avoid prosecution. In his April 2003 parliamentary address in response to the TRC’s final report, Mbeki said prosecutors, “working with our intelligence agencies,” could enter into lawful arrangements with people willing to disclose information about past crimes. Critics argue that Mbeki’s cabinet response paved the way for political interference.
姆贝基周一承认自己确实与前军方及警方人员有过会面，但否认曾同意保护这些人免受法律追究；他表示，会谈的目的是促使他们积极参与到真相委员会的工作中来。
Mbeki acknowledged Monday that he met with former military and police officers, but denied agreeing to protect them from prosecution — he said the discussions were intended to encourage their participation in the truth commission.
他还称，自己2003年的言论针对的是那些未经过真相委员会赦免程序的人，而非委员会移交起诉的案件。他坚称，那次讲话明确反对无差别赦免，并肯定了国家检察院决定哪些案件应予起诉的职权。
He said his 2003 remarks concerned people who had not gone through the truth commission’s amnesty process, rather than cases it had referred for prosecution. He said the speech rejected blanket amnesty and affirmed the NPA’s authority to decide which cases to prosecute.
关于总统特赦，前国家元首表示，该程序仅适用于已被定罪的人，不会阻止调查或起诉。
As for presidential pardons, the former head of state said the process applied only to people already convicted and did not prevent investigations or prosecutions.
姆贝基及其继任者雅各布·祖马曾试图让调查委员会主席、退休宪法法院法官西西·卡姆佩佩回避，理由是她之前在真相与和解委员会和国家检察署的职务影响了她的公正性，但未成功。宪法法院驳回了他们的申诉。
Mbeki and his successor, Jacob Zuma , unsuccessfully sought to have the inquiry’s chairperson, retired Constitutional Court Justice Sisi Khampepe, recuse herself, arguing that her prior roles with the TRC and NPA compromised her impartiality. The Constitutional Court dismissed their challenge.
当局还重新启动了对 apartheid 时期死亡事件的调查，包括1967年诺贝尔和平奖得主阿尔伯特·卢图利之死、1981年律师格里菲斯·姆森格被杀以及1977年标志性反 apartheid 人物史蒂夫·比科在警方拘留期间死亡的案件。
Authorities have also reopened inquests into apartheid-era deaths, including the 1967 death of Nobel Peace Prize winner Albert Luthuli , the 1981 killing of lawyer Griffiths Mxenge, and the 1977 death of iconic anti-apartheid figure Steve Biko in police custody .
姆贝基的证词将于周二继续，届时三名前内阁部长也将在本周晚些时候出庭。祖马的出庭原定于周四，但已推迟至待定日期。非洲新闻美联社：
Mbeki’s testimony continues Tuesday, with three former Cabinet ministers due later this week. Zuma’s appearance, initially scheduled for Thursday, has been postponed to a date yet to be confirmed. AP Africa news: