德国的工业部门在2018年底至2025年底之间损失了近50万个岗位，因为传统制造业收缩，而服务业就业扩张，ifo研究所周一表示。
Germany's industrial sector lost nearly half a million jobs between the end of 2018 and the end of 2025, as traditional manufacturing industries contracted while employment expanded in services, the ifo Institute said Monday.
根据该研究所慕尼黑总部德雷斯登分所的一项研究，受社会保险缴费约束的工业就业人数在该期间下降了49.6万人，降幅为7.1%。
Industrial employment subject to social security contributions fell by 496,000, or 7.1%, over the period, according to a study by the Dresden branch of the Munich-based institute.
服务业新增了超过220万个岗位，增长集中在医疗保健、社会服务和公共行政领域。
Services added more than 2.2 million jobs, with gains concentrated in health care, social services, and public administration.
汽车工业及其供应商减少了123500个岗位，降幅为13%。金属制品制造商削减了115600个岗位，而机械工程公司将就业人数减少了64500人。这三个行业共同占工业岗位损失的约60%。
The auto industry and its suppliers shed 123,500 jobs, a loss of 13%. Manufacturers of metal products cut 115,600 positions, while mechanical engineering companies reduced employment by 64,500. Together, these three industries accounted for around 60% of industrial job losses.
繁荣的基础正在丧失ifo德雷斯登分所副所长约阿希姆·拉格尼茨表示，德国正经历着加剧的结构性转型，此前支撑其繁荣的产业正在失去优势。
Basis for prosperity losing ground Joachim Ragnitz, the deputy managing director of ifo Dresden, said Germany is undergoing an intensifying structural transformation, with industries that previously underpinned its prosperity losing ground.
他警告称，就业增长主要发生在德国过去特别具备生产力和创新力的领域之外，这可能削弱其未来的增长前景。
He warned that employment growth is largely occurring outside areas where Germany was particularly productive and innovative, potentially weakening its future growth prospects.
医疗保健新增了391000个岗位，而社会服务（包括养老院）创造了357000个岗位，反映了人口老龄化带来的需求。
Healthcare added 391,000 jobs, while social services, including care homes, created 357,000 positions, reflecting demand from an aging population.
公共行政领域受社会保险缴费约束的就业人数增加了329000人，部分原因是离职的公务员被受薪雇员取代。在私营服务提供商中，IT公司的就业增长最为显著。
Employment subject to social security contributions in public administration rose by 329,000, partly because departing civil servants were replaced by salaried employees. IT companies saw the strongest employment growth among private service providers.
具有职业资格的员工人数减少了252000人，而大学毕业生的就业人数增加了180万人，凸显了劳动力供需之间地区和技能错配的风险。
The number of employees with vocational qualifications fell by 252,000, while employment among university graduates grew by 1.8 million, highlighting the risk of regional and skills mismatches between labor supply and demand.
除了汉堡之外，德国所有州的工业就业人数均有下降，东德下降了8.4%，西德下降了6.8%。
Industrial employment declined in every German state except Hamburg, falling 8.4% in eastern Germany and 6.8% in the west.
该研究使用联邦就业局的数据，排除了自雇人员、公务员以及被称为小职工（mini-jobs）的边缘就业人群。
The study uses Federal Employment Agency data and excludes self-employed workers, civil servants, and people in marginal employment known as mini-jobs.