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彭博社

英特尔请求联邦通信委员会放宽对遭禁外国机器人技术的限制Intel Asks FCC For Upgrades to Banned Foreign Robot Technology

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位于加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉的英特尔总部。摄影师:大卫·保罗·莫里斯/彭博社The Intel headquarters in Santa Clara, California. Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg

英特尔要求联邦通信委员会对近期禁止进口国外制造的先进机器人设备作出例外规定,称其需要继续使用对美国半导体制造至关重要的“特殊”设备。

Corp. asked the Federal Communications Commission to make an exception to a recent ban on foreign-made advanced robotics, telling the agency it needs continued access to “niche” equipment critical to US semiconductor manufacturing.

根据该请愿书,英特尔担心其自动导引车(AGV)车队可能落入对新型非国产技术的进口和销售全面禁令之列。该请愿书于10月16日提交,周一公开。这些车辆用于半导体工厂中运输材料。

Intel is concerned that its fleet of automated guided vehicles, or AGVs, falls under a blanket prohibition on the import and sale of the new, non-domestic technology, according to the petition, which was filed Oct. 16 and made public on Monday. The vehicles are used in semiconductor plants to transport materials.

公司表示,让这些机器人保持运行对美国国家安全“至关重要”。目前尚未有经过验证的国内替代方案能满足英特尔的严格要求,且更换现有设备将需要数年时间,请愿书中如此称。若其运行中断,将对英特尔在美国的半导体制造能力产生“立即的负面影响”。7月,联邦通信委员会将国外制造的先进机器人设备列入其“受控名单”,与Wi-Fi路由器、无人机及其他因国家安全风险不再允许进入该国的设备并列。

The company said it’s “crucial” to American national security that the robots remain operational. There are currently no proven domestic alternatives that meet Intel’s stringent requirements, and replacing the present machines will take years, according to the petition. A disruption to their operation would have an “immediate negative impact on Intel’s US semiconducting manufacturing capacity.”In July, the FCC added foreign-made advanced robotic devices to its “Covered List,” alongside Wi-Fi routers, drones and other pieces of equipment no longer allowed into the country due to national security risks.

虽然这些禁令不影响已在市场上的产品,但公司被禁止对现有设备的硬件、软件和固件组件进行更新。受禁令影响的产品所属企业可向联邦通信委员会和战争部申请有条件豁免。

While the bans don’t affect products that are already in the market, companies are restricted from updating hardware, software and firmware components in pre-existing devices. Businesses whose products fall under the bans can apply to the FCC and Department of War for a conditional waiver.

英特尔告诉委员会,目前尚不清楚车辆更新是否会使其不符合规定。根据请愿书,英特尔正“出于谨慎考虑,以确保这些特定AGV单元的持续运行”,因而申请有条件豁免。

Intel told the commission that it’s unclear whether vehicle updates would put it out of compliance. It’s asking for the conditional waiver “out of an abundance of caution to ensure ongoing operation of these specific AGV units,” according to the petition.

“英特尔提出的用于延长工作马AGVs寿命的例行维护不会引入网络安全风险,而这是当前限制的主要驱动因素,”英特尔表示。

“The routine maintenance Intel proposes to extend the life of the workhorse AGVs will not introduce cybersecurity risks, a key driver of the present restrictions,” Intel said.

日本村田制作所和大福株式会社等公司是此类设备的主要供应商,韩国和台湾的竞争对手正试图在这一市场站稳脚跟。

Companies such as Japan’s Murata Machinery and Daifuku Co. are major suppliers of such equipment with competitors in Korea and Taiwan trying to make inroads in the market.

台积电、美光科技公司、环球晶圆代工公司、三星电子公司、德州仪器公司等其他运营芯片厂的公司也可能同样需要此类豁免。

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Micron Technology Inc., GlobalFoundries Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Texas Instruments Inc. are other companies that operate chip plants and could similarly require this type of waiver.

FCC的受控名单已成为提升美国技术投资的有力工具。政府越来越倾向于使用FCC而非其他进口管制手段,以鼓励企业仅使用美国制造的设备和技术。过去,FCC对华为技术公司、中兴通讯公司等电信设备制造商以及卡巴斯基实验室公司等网络安全和防病毒软件供应商实施了更具体的禁令。去年,该委员会对广泛的产品类别发布了禁令,而非精准打击被 distrusted 的公司。

The FCC’s covered list has become a favored and powerful tool to boost American technology investment. The administration is increasingly turning to the FCC over other import control methods to encourage companies to use exclusively American-made equipment and technology. In the past, the FCC imposed more specific bans on telecom equipment makers like Huawei Technologies Co. and ZTE Corp., as well as cybersecurity and anti-virus software provider Kaspersky Lab Inc. In the last year, the commission has issued prohibitions on broad categories of products instead of surgically targeting distrusted companies.

类似于英特尔申请的豁免并不一定罕见。网件公司在战争部认定其产品不对美国国家安全构成风险后,于四月获得了豁免,获准销售其产品。AT&T公司、威瑞森通信公司以及宽带行业组织也已获准更新消费级Wi-Fi路由器的硬件。

A waiver similar to Intel’s request would not necessarily be unusual. Router producer Netgear Inc. received a waiver to sell its products in April after the Department of War found the products don’t pose risks to US national security. AT&T Inc., Verizon Communications Inc. and broadband trade groups have also secured permission to update hardware in consumer-grade Wi-Fi routers.

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