东京——本周二，三菱汽车迎来加入日产汽车阵营十周年。目前，该公司正从重建阶段转向加速发展，集中资源开发那些一直以来令其声名远扬的特色车型。
TOKYO -- As Mitsubishi Motors marks 10 years since coming under Nissan Motor's wing on Tuesday, it is transitioning from a rebuilding period to accelerating growth by concentrating its resources on developing more of the distinctive vehicles it has long been known for.
在2010年代以前，位于日本西部冈山县仓敷市的水岛工厂曾是三菱汽车的主要生产基地，负责生产诸如“兰瑟 Evolution”跑车等车型。如今，该工厂80%的产量为微型车，其中包括日产品牌的车型，这充分体现了两家公司的合作成果。
Until the 2010s, the Mizushima plant in Kurashiki, Okayama prefecture in western Japan was one of Mitsubishi Motors' main production hubs, manufacturing vehicles like the Lancer Evolution sports car. Today, 80% of the plant's output consists of mini cars, including Nissan-branded models, symbolizing the results of the two companies' cooperation.
2016年5月，日产宣布将向三菱汽车注资，收购其34%的股份并成为最大股东。时任日产总裁卡洛斯·戈恩当时表示：“日产、三菱汽车与雷诺的结合……将打造出全球三大汽车集团之一。”此处提到的雷诺是一家与日产结为联盟关系的法国汽车制造商。
Nissan announced in May 2016 that it would invest in Mitsubishi Motors for a 34% stake, becoming its largest shareholder. "The combination of Nissan, Mitsubishi Motors and Renault ... will be one of the world's three largest automotive groups," then-Nissan President Carlos Ghosn said at the time, referring to the French automaker with which Nissan also has an alliance.
促使两家公司走得更近的契机是始于2011年的微型车联合开发项目。时至今日，双方仍在该领域保持合作：日产负责平台、发动机等核心部件的设计与研发，而三菱汽车则依据合同在水岛工厂负责整车制造。
The catalyst that brought the two companies closer was their joint development of kei cars, which began in 2011. They still collaborate in that sector today, with Nissan handling the design and development of core components like platforms and engines, while Mitsubishi Motors manufactures the vehicles on a contract basis at Mizushima.
三菱汽车的产品线十分丰富，涵盖了微型车到商用车等多个品类。不过在2025财年，其研发支出仅约1100亿日元（按当前汇率计算约合6.94亿美元），这一数额低于马自达、斯巴鲁等销量规模相近的竞争对手。
Mitsubishi Motors maintains a broad product lineup ranging from kei cars to commercial vehicles, but its research and development spending in fiscal 2025 was only around 110 billion yen ($694 million at today's rates), less than rivals with similar sales volumes like Mazda Motor and Subaru.
借助与日产的合作，三菱汽车得以在微型车、驾驶辅助系统等需要巨额投入的领域开展投资；与此同时，公司也将自身的研发预算重点投向自身优势领域——四轮驱动技术。
Mitsubishi Motors has leveraged cooperation with Nissan for investments in areas requiring large-scale spending, like kei cars and driver-assistance systems, while concentrating its own development budget on four-wheel-drive technology, an area of strength.
“获得投资的最大好处是能够在日产提供明显优势的领域利用与日产的合作，” 三菱汽车的一位高管说。
"The biggest benefit of receiving the investment was being able to utilize cooperation with Nissan in areas where it provided clear advantages," a Mitsubishi Motors executive said.
但2016年设想的并非所有协同效应都已实现。“日产的零部件在质量方面过度设计，因此零部件共享带来的成本优势有限，” 另一位三菱汽车高管说。
But not all of the synergies envisioned in 2016 have materialized. "Nissan parts were overengineered in terms of quality, so the cost benefits of parts sharing were limited," said another Mitsubishi Motors executive.
三菱汽车的主要市场是东南亚等新兴经济体。主要为日产在北美和欧洲的发达市场运营而开发的零部件往往价格过高，难以实现广泛采用。
Mitsubishi Motors' primary markets are emerging economies like Southeast Asia. Parts developed primarily for Nissan's developed-market operations in North America and Europe were often too expensive to gain widespread adoption.
最近，三菱汽车增加了独立于日产开发的车型数量。计划于2028年左右推出的下一代奥特兰德SUV将使用其内部开发的平台。
Recently, Mitsubishi Motors has increased the number of models developed independently of Nissan. The next-generation Outlander SUV, slated for launch around 2028, will use a platform it developed in-house.
奥特兰德曾是合作的旗舰案例，与日产共享了大多数主要部件——包括其平台——但三菱汽车得出结论，独立开发将带来更好的盈利能力。戈恩时期推行的扩张战略也未能带来持久成果。
The Outlander had been a flagship example of the collaboration, sharing most major components -- including its platform -- with Nissan, but Mitsubishi Motors concluded that independent development would generate better profitability. The expansion strategy pursued under Ghosn also failed to deliver lasting results.
2016年10月，时任日产汽车总裁卡洛斯·戈恩（左）和时任三菱汽车董事长兼总裁增子浩在东京的新闻发布会上合影。
Then-Nissan Motor President Carlos Ghosn, left, and then-Mitsubishi Motors Chairman and President Osamu Masuko after a news conference in Tokyo in October 2016.
三菱汽车在截至2019年3月的财年全球销量达到124万辆，这是自2007财年以来的最高水平。但快速扩张带来的问题在新冠疫情及其他挑战期间变得明显。大幅折扣削弱了品牌价值，公司被迫实施重组措施，包括国内工厂关闭和退出中国市场。
Mitsubishi Motors' global sales reached 1.24 million vehicles in the year ended March 2019, the most since fiscal 2007. But distortions from the rapid expansion became apparent during the coronavirus pandemic and other challenges. Heavy discounting eroded brand value, and the company was forced to undertake restructuring measures, including domestic factory closures and withdrawal from the Chinese market.
得益于降低的研发支出和减少的固定成本，三菱汽车在截至2026年3月的财年实现了第五连续年的合并净利润，带来了更大的稳定性。但它当年仅售出79万辆，是日本汽车制造商中最低的。
Thanks to lower development spending and reduced fixed costs, Mitsubishi Motors posted a fifth consecutive year of consolidated net profit in the year ended March 2026, bringing greater stability. But it sold just 790,000 units that year, the lowest among Japan's automakers.
在5月份发布的中长期愿景中，三菱汽车表示，其目标是将2030财年（截至2030年3月）的营业利润率提升至4.5%，较上一财年提高1.9个百分点。
In its medium-to-long-term vision announced in May, Mitsubishi Motors said it aimed to raise its operating margin to 4.5% in the year ending March 2030, an increase of 1.9 percentage points from last fiscal year.
问题在于，它将如何在销量持续下降的情况下实现这一目标。“通过独特产品强化品牌将是我们增长的基石，”总裁岸浦圭介表示。
The question is how it will achieve this while sales volumes continue to decline. "Strengthening the brand through distinctive products will be the cornerstone of our growth," said President Keisuke Kishiura.
该战略的关键象征是全新帕杰罗SUV，该车型将于12月重返日本市场。在9月的发布会上，岸浦圭介表示：“它将成为推动三菱汽车品牌的旗舰车型。”起售价预计为619万日元，较2019年推出的上一代车型453万日元的价格大幅上涨。
A key symbol of that strategy is the all-new Pajero SUV, which will return to the Japanese market in December. At a launch event in September, Kishiura said that "it will serve as the flagship model that drives the Mitsubishi Motors brand." The starting price is expected to be 6.19 million yen, a sharp increase from 4.53 million yen for the last model launched in 2019.
在日本，预订量已达4000辆，超过了公司2026财年的销售目标。“通过强调耐用性和高品质而非价格，越来越多的客户正从国内竞争对手和进口车转向我们，”公司国内销售负责人表示。
In Japan, advance orders have already reached 4,000 vehicles, exceeding the company's sales target for fiscal 2026. "By emphasizing toughness and high quality rather than price, more customers are switching from domestic rivals and imported vehicles," said the company's head of domestic sales.
三菱汽车长期以来以其在四轮驱动系统和耐用性方面的专业知识而闻名，这也体现在其参加艰苦的长途拉力赛上。随着核心车型的更新，公司稳步提高价格，同时为车辆增加越野能力。
Mitsubishi Motors has long been known for its expertise in four-wheel-drive systems and durability, including through its participation in grueling long-distance rallies. As it refreshes its core lineup, it has steadily increased prices while packing vehicles with off-road capabilities.
随着Outlander和Delica D:5小型货车的售价均高于竞争对手车型，公司过去十年的单车平均售价提升了约70%，截至3月的财年达到363万日元。
With the Outlander and Delica D:5 minivan both priced above competing models, the company's average sales per vehicle rose about 70% over the past decade to 3.63 million yen in the year ended March.
一些经销商表达了担忧。“车辆价格上涨过快，以至于即使农村地区的客户想购买，也无法一次性付清，”一位经销商表示。汽车制造商需要找到留住首次购车者的方法。
Some dealers have voiced concerns. "Vehicle prices have risen so rapidly that more customers in rural areas can no longer afford to pay in cash even if they wanted to," one dealer said. The automaker will need a way to retain first-time buyers.
为此，公司正致力于扩大其二手车业务。截至目前，置换车辆一直由各个经销商自行购入并转售，这有时导致车辆通过拍卖以相对较低的价格出售。
To that end, the company is working to expand its used-car business. Trade-in vehicles have up to now been purchased and resold by individual dealerships, which sometimes led to vehicles being sold through auctions at relatively low prices.
今后，总部将对该流程进行集中管理，并通过自身渠道销售高质量的二手车。保持置换价值的高位将有助于在新车价格上涨的情况下，降低客户的实际拥有成本。
Going forward, headquarters will manage the process centrally and sell high-quality used vehicles through its own channels. Keeping trade-in values high will help reduce customers' effective ownership costs even as new-car prices rise.
在日产投资之后，三菱汽车的战略往往与日产保持同步。但日产自身的财务状况恶化，使其支持能力有所下降。
After Nissan's investment, Mitsubishi Motors' strategy would often move in lockstep with Nissan's. But Nissan's own deteriorating financial condition has left it with less support capacity.
在三菱汽车6月的年度股东大会上，公司首次批准了一位董事长和一位总裁，二人均来自公司内部。这是自日产投资以来的首次。两家公司的关系正逐渐从母子公司模式转变为松散合作、各自追求独立身份的模式。
At Mitsubishi Motors' annual shareholders meeting in June, a chairman and president both from the company's own ranks were approved for the first time since the Nissan investment. The two companies' relationship is gradually shifting away from that of parent and subsidiary toward one in which they cooperate loosely while pursuing their own distinct identities.