一种据称比芬太尼更强效的新型合成阿片类药物，与美国近期数十起死亡病例有关，引发卫生官员的警告。
A powerful new synthetic opioid said to be more potent than fentanyl has been linked to dozens of recent deaths in the U.S., prompting warnings from health officials.
田纳西州是早期的重灾区，该州卫生部门3月宣布，自2025年10月以来，已有超过30起致命过量用药与西氯芬有关。
Tennessee was an early hotspot, with the state’s health department announcing in March that more than 30 fatal overdoses had been associated with cychlorphine since October 2025.
白宫国家管制药物政策办公室4月2026年的一份通告引用称，2025年7月至2026年2月期间，田纳西州至少有41人死亡，全国至少有55人死亡。
An April 2026 notice from the White House’s Office of National Drug Control Policy cited at least 41 Tennessee deaths between July 2025 and February 2026 and at least 55 deaths nationally.
根据公共卫生和执法记录，伊利诺伊州、加利福尼亚州和俄克拉荷马州也报告了致命过量用药病例。
Fatal overdoses have also been reported in Illinois, California and Oklahoma, according to public health and law enforcement records.
洛杉矶县公共卫生部在其通告中表示：“西氯芬尤其危险，因为它效力极强，极少量就可能导致人停止呼吸。”
"Cychlorphine is particularly dangerous due to its strength, where a very small amount can cause someone to stop breathing," the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health said in its advisory.
纽约曼哈顿纽约生活中心首席执行官兼首席临床官、斯托尼布鲁克医学院社会福利学院临床教授尼古拉斯·卡达拉斯博士称西氯芬为“加强版的新芬太尼”。根据美国缉毒局的说法，西氯芬是一种新型、未受管制的合成阿片类药物，会激活与芬太尼相同的受体，可导致深度镇静、呼吸减慢或停止，以及死亡。
Nicholas Kardaras, Ph.D., CEO and chief clinical officer of the New York Center for Living in Manhattan and a clinical professor at Stony Brook Medicine’s School of Social Welfare, called cychlorphine "the new fentanyl on steroids." Cychlorphine is a novel, unregulated synthetic opioid that activates the same receptors as fentanyl, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration. It can cause profound sedation, slowed or stopped breathing, and death.
该药物未获批用于医疗用途，且已在非法药物和伪造药片中被检测出来。
The drug is not approved for medical use and has been detected in illicit drugs and counterfeit pills.
卡达拉斯称西氯芬是目前出现在非法药物供应中的“最强效的合成阿片类药物”之一。
Kardaras called cychlorphine "one of the most potent synthetic opioids" now appearing in the illicit drug supply.
“芬太尼的效力约是吗啡或海洛因的50倍，”他在接受福克斯新闻数字频道采访时说。“据报道，环氯芬的效力可达芬太尼的10倍——理论上相当于吗啡或海洛因的500倍。”
"Fentanyl is about 50 times more potent than morphine or heroin," he told Fox News Digital. "Cychlorphine is reportedly up to 10 times more potent than fentanyl — so theoretically, about 500 times more potent than morphine or heroin."
“这种新型合成药物让芬太尼看起来像是昨天的糖果。”卡达拉斯说，环氯芬可以以多种形式使用——人们可以吞服药丸、以粉末形式吸食，或将其碾碎后静脉注射。
"This new synthetic drug is making fentanyl look like yesterday's candy." Cychlorphine is taken in various forms — people can ingest it as a pill, snort it in powder form, or crush it and administer it intravenously, according to Kardaras.
“问题在于，除了效力极高之外，它常被掺入其他设计师药物和假冒药丸，”他提醒道。
"The problem has been, in addition to its potency, it's often put in other designer drugs and in counterfeit pills," he cautioned.
有些人会因其强效而主动寻找环氯芬，另一些人则可能在不知情的情况下摄入，因为它被混入其他物质中。
While some people seek out cychlorphine for its potency, others may ingest it unknowingly when it is mixed into other substances.
“有时我们在谈论这些物质的强效时，反而会增加它们对某些成瘾者的吸引力，遗憾的是，”卡达拉斯说。
"Sometimes by talking about how potent some of these substances are, we increase the allure of them for some addicts, unfortunately," Kardaras said.
虽然环氯芬主要是街头毒品，但据该专家称，也可以在网上或通过‘精品设计师药物市场’购买。
While cychlorphine is primarily a street drug, it can also be purchased online or via "boutique designer-drug markets," according to the expert.
环氯芬对任何人都可能导致致命过量，无论年龄大小。卡达拉斯表示，年轻人可能面临更大风险，因为他们更倾向于尝试药物或购买假冒药丸。
Cychlorphine can cause a fatal overdose in anyone, regardless of age. Kardaras said younger people may face greater exposure because some are more likely to experiment with drugs or purchase counterfeit pills.
“他们在网上买东西……结果在不知情的情况下摄入了芬太尼或其他合成阿片类药物，”他说。
"They’re buying something online … and all of a sudden, without knowing it, they’re ingesting fentanyl or another synthetic opioid," he said.
常见品牌名为纳尔康的纳洛酮可以逆转环氯芬的阿片效应，但可能需要多次或持续使用。
Naloxone, commonly sold under the brand name Narcan, can reverse cychlorphine’s opioid effects, but multiple or prolonged doses may be needed.
“过去只需一两剂纳尔康就能逆转一次过量，而现在根据个案经验可能需要五六剂，”卡达拉斯说。
"What used to take one or two doses of Narcan to reverse an overdose may now require five or six doses, based on anecdotal evidence," Kardaras said.
美国缉毒局建议人们立即使用纳洛酮，拨打911，并准备好给予额外剂量。
The DEA advises people to administer naloxone immediately, call 911 and be prepared to give additional doses.
另一个对环氯芬的主要担忧是，标准的芬太尼检测试纸和常规医院的阿片类尿检无法检测出它。
Another major concern with cychlorphine is that standard fentanyl test strips and routine hospital opioid urine screens do not detect it.
“大多数药物检测试剂都有特定的化学结构识别标准，能够检测各类合成或非合成类毒品，但这种新型毒品尚未被纳入现有检测试剂的识别范围，”卡德拉拉斯指出。
"Most drug tests have very specific chemical structures that they detect in any kind of synthetic or non-synthetic drug, and this new one hasn't quite been baked into the current testing strips," Kardaras noted.
他强调，关键信息是：环氯芬的毒性可能比芬太尼高出10倍，常规的芬太尼检测试纸以及医院的常规阿片类药物尿液筛查均无法检测出它；要逆转其毒性作用，可能需要多次注射纳洛酮。
The takeaway, he said, is that cychlorphine may be up to 10 times more potent than fentanyl, is not detected by standard fentanyl test strips or routine hospital opioid urine screens, and may require multiple doses of naloxone to reverse.
“因此这堪称三重威胁，”他说道，“我们始终需要努力跟上各类新型毒品不断更新的特性。”
"So it's a triple whammy," he said. "It's a constant battle of keeping up with the latest iterations of new drugs."