据伊福经济研究所周二发布的一份报告显示，德国过度聚焦中等技术领域的研究削弱了其竞争力，而将研发支出转向高技术领域则能促进经济增长。
Germany's heavy focus on middle-technology research weakens its competitiveness, while shifting spending toward high-tech fields boosts economic growth, according to a report released by the Ifo Institute on Tuesday.
伊福研究所研究人员奥利弗·法尔克和郭宇晨发现，欧洲疲弱的经济增长源于一种被称为“中等技术陷阱”的创新赤字。
Ifo Institute researchers Oliver Falck and Yuchen Guo found that Europe's weak economic growth stemmed from an innovation deficit known as the middle-technology trap.
研究显示，快速增长的经济体将研发集中在生物技术、IT硬件和软件、航空航天等高技术领域。
The study showed that fast-growing economies concentrated research and development (R&D) on high-tech sectors such as biotechnology, IT hardware and software, and aerospace.
与美国和中国不同，德国的研发活动仍严重集中在机械和汽车制造等中等技术领域。
Unlike in the US and China, Germany's R&D activities remained heavily focused on middle-technology sectors, including machinery and automotive manufacturing.
2023年，高技术领域占美国制造业研发支出的68%，而德国的这一比例仅为20%。
High-tech sectors accounted for 68% of manufacturing R&D spending in the US in 2023, while Germany's share stood at just 20%.
反之，德国的中等技术占比达到了制造业研发支出的76%，远高于样本平均值56%。
Conversely, Germany's middle-technology share reached 76% of manufacturing R&D spending, well above the sample average of 56%.
通过分析2000年至2024年18个国家的数据，研究人员发现，高技术研发占比每增加10个百分点，与中期人均年增长率提高0.5个百分点相关。研究未发现研发支出总体水平与人均经济增长之间存在直接关系。
Analyzing 18 countries from 2000 to 2024, the researchers found that a 10-percentage-point increase in the high-tech R&D share was associated with a 0.5-percentage-point increase in annual per capita growth in the medium term. The study found no direct relationship between the overall level of R&D spending and per capita economic growth.
德国的高技术研发占比从1995年的32%下降至2023年的20%左右。
Germany's high-tech R&D share dropped from 32% in 1995 to around 20% in 2023.
作者强调，单纯的研发支出量化目标是不够的，并敦促政策制定者改革创新框架条件。
The authors stressed that purely quantitative R&D spending targets were insufficient and urged policymakers to reform innovation framework conditions.