AG的卡车部门斯堪尼亚公司正加快在其中国新工厂生产电动卡车的计划。创纪录的柴油价格正推动全球最大市场以快于预期的速度转向电动卡车。
AG’s truck unit Scania AB is speeding up plans to make electric trucks at its new Chinese factory as record diesel prices fuel a faster-than-expected switch in the world’s biggest market. The Swedish truckmaker will manufacture battery-powered vehicles at its plant in Rugao, China, as soon as it receives a license, Chief Executive Officer Christian Levin said in an interview in Södertälje.
这家瑞典卡车制造商的首席执行官克里斯蒂安·莱文在瑟德特利耶接受采访时表示，一旦获得许可，该公司将在中国如皋工厂生产电池驱动的卡车。莱文预计，到2027年初，电动卡车将占中国市场的半壁江山。
Levin expects electric trucks to account for half of China’s market by the start of 2027. “We have had to speed up those plans,” Levin said.
“我们不得不加快这些计划，”莱文说。“在中国，获得从事不同业务的许可证始终是一个相当复杂的过程，但我必须说：进展比我们想象的快得多。”据彭博新能源财经的数据，今年上半年中国电动卡车销量同比增长近80%，并有望在今年占全部卡车销量的近三分之一。相比之下，几年前这一比例仅为8%。
“It’s always quite a complicated process in China to get licenses to do different things, but I have to say: it has moved much faster than we could have imagined.”Chinese electric-truck sales jumped almost 80% in the first half from a year earlier, according to BloombergNEF, and are on pace to account for close to a third of all trucks sold this year. That compares with just 8% a couple of years ago. E-truck demand is getting a boost from trade-in subsidies and elevated diesel prices in the wake of the US-Iran war.
以旧换新补贴以及美伊战争后居高不下的柴油价格，正在推动电动卡车的需求。北京方面曾设定目标，到2030年这类车辆的市场份额达到40%，而目前的增长轨迹已超出这一目标。据中国石化经济技术研究院预测，作为向电池动力转型的一部分，中国今年的柴油消费量预计将下降10%以上。
Beijing had targeted a 40% market share for such vehicles by 2030, with the current trajectory outpacing this goal. As part of the switch to battery power, China’s consumption of diesel is projected to fall more than 10% this year, according to the Sinopec Economics & Development Research Institute. Scania, which is part of Traton SE, opened the Rugao plant last year, its first wholly-owned factory in China alongside production in Europe and Latin America.
斯堪尼亚隶属于传拓集团，去年开设了如皋工厂，这是该公司在欧洲和拉丁美洲生产之外的首家全资中国工厂。该工厂服务于中国和其他亚洲市场，可生产传统卡车和电池驱动卡车。
The facility, which serves China and other Asian markets, can make both conventional and battery-powered trucks. “It is happening quickly and that’s incredibly fascinating,” Levin said.
莱文表示：“这一切发生得很快，令人无比着迷。这意味着他们找到了扩大充电基础设施和电网的方法，而这正是包括欧洲在内的全球许多国家面临的最大挑战。”中国电动重型卡车的兴起，可能会加大传拓、戴姆勒卡车控股公司和沃尔沃集团的竞争压力。德国供应商采埃孚腓特烈港股份公司上月表示，卡车“电动驱动技术的重心”在中国。
“It means they have found a way to expand charging infrastructure and the power grid, which is the biggest challenge we have in many countries around the world, including Europe.”Electric big rigs taking off in China will likely ratchet up competitive pressure on Traton, Daimler Truck Holding AG and Volvo AB. German supplier ZF Friedrichshafen AG last month said the “center of gravity for electric-drive technology” in trucks was in China.
随着中国市场转向，美国在电动汽车激励措施被削减后处于落后状态。莱文表示，目前柴油价格高企可能会改变局面。
As China’s market pivots, the US is lagging after electrification incentives were cut. Levin said high diesel prices are likely to move the needle now.
他说：“如果柴油价格继续上涨，那么即便仅从自身利益出发，在美国用电力驱动也会变得更便宜。”
“If diesel prices continue to rise, then purely on its own merits, it will become cheaper to drive on electricity even in the US,” he said.
尽管创纪录的柴油价格带来负担——这通常会抑制对新车的投资——传拓的传统卡车业务仍保持韧性。传拓位于美国的卡车部门公布第三季度汽车销量增长48%，推动集团整体增长10%。
Traton’s conventional truck business has remained resilient despite the burden from record diesel prices, which typically slows investment in new vehicles. Traton’s US-based truck arm posted a 48% jump in third-quarter vehicle sales, helping drive a 10% increase for the group.
他说：“这很大程度上是因为客户在寻找节能解决方案。”他补充说，客户也愿意为燃油效率支付更高价格。
“It’s been very much about customers looking for energy-efficient solutions,” he said. Customers are also willing to pay more for fuel efficiency, he added.
在欧洲，电动卡车的背景依然艰难。莱文表示，充电基础设施薄弱和电网容量不足，加上运营成本高企，构成多重压力。小型运输公司占主导，意味着客户变化可能取消电动卡车能够服务的路线。
In Europe, the backdrop for e-trucks remains tough. Poor charging infrastructure and grid capacity are combining with high operating costs, Levin said. The prevalence of small haulage companies means changes in customers can cancel routes e-trucks can serve.
莱文说：“然后你就只剩下搁浅资产。”欧洲运输公司平均仅运营七八辆卡车。
“Then you’re left with a stranded asset,” Levin said. The average European haulage company operates just seven or eight trucks.
莱文发表上述言论之际，斯堪尼亚在斯德哥尔摩以南的南泰利耶为新车辆测试设施举行落成典礼，该设施投资9.75亿克朗（9800万美元）。这片85万平方米的场地包括一个高速椭圆形跑道，以及用于测试车辆操控、侧翻安全和自动驾驶的区域。
Levin spoke as Scania inaugurated a new 975 million-krona ($98 million) vehicle testing facility in Södertälje, south of Stockholm. The 850,000-square-meter site includes a high-speed oval and areas for testing vehicle handling, rollover safety and autonomous driving.
莱文表示，无人驾驶卡车可能在美国在2030年之前实现大规模应用；而由于监管方面的障碍（尤其是那些需要跨越国界的车辆），欧洲实现这一目标可能需要更长的时间。Traton公司将于10月28日公布第三季度的财务业绩。
Levin said driverless trucks could be used at scale in the US before 2030, while Europe may take longer because of regulatory hurdles, particularly for vehicles crossing national borders. Traton is due to report third-quarter earnings on Oct. 28.