字号·· | 护眼
美联社

“拜托,我需要一名办事员!”密歇根州选票上近500个职位无人参选‘Please, I need a clerk!’ No candidates for almost 500 positions on Michigan ballots

点「原文对照」整页切到原文,或双击某段只看那段的原文。

罗恩·弗伦奇、西蒙·D·舒斯特 / Bridge Michigan作为一名房地产经纪人,蒂什·马洛里习惯穿梭于密歇根州中部格拉希厄特县塞维尔镇的乡间小路,寻找合适的房源与买家匹配。

RON FRENCH, SIMON D. SCHUSTER/Bridge Michigan As a real estate agent, Tish Mallory is used to crisscrossing the country roads of Seville Township in mid-Michigan’s Gratiot County looking to match homes with buyers.

但今年夏天,她驾车走过那些同样的道路,寻找的却是更难觅的东西:有人——任何人——愿意竞选镇书记一职,该职位年薪 12960 美元,且常伴随居民的各种刁难。

But this summer, she drove those same roads looking for something more elusive: someone, anyone, willing to run for township clerk, a job that pays $12,960 a year and often comes with a fair amount of abuse from residents.

“在截止日期前把名字列入 11 月选票前,我找过几个人,他们都说‘不’,”这位乡镇镇区主管马洛里说。

“I asked several people who said ‘no,’” before the deadline to get names on the November ballot, said Mallory, the rural township’s supervisor.

“现在我们有一位获委任的书记,是我苦苦哀求来的,”马洛里说。“‘拜托,我需要一名书记!’”Bridge Michigan 对全州各社区选票的分析发现,至少有 478 个选举职位无人竞选或候选人不足——威胁到将使全州 11 月 3 日选票上 5400 多个地方民选职位中近十分之一空缺。

“We have an appointed clerk now who I had to beg,” Mallory said. “‘Please, I need a clerk!’”A Bridge Michigan analysis of ballots in communities across Michigan found at least 478 elected races with no candidate or too few candidates running — threatening to leave close to 1-in-10 offices vacant out of the more than 5,400 local elected positions on the ballot throughout Michigan Nov. 3.

这些无人问津的职位涵盖决定采购和上架何种图书的图书馆董事会、协助制定教育政策的学区董事会、村长以及镇区主管。空缺分布全州,但对农村社区冲击尤甚。地方学区董事会职位是缺候选人最频繁的职位,占无人竞选职位的近三分之一。

Those unwanted jobs range from library boards that decide what books to purchase and put on shelves to school boards that help set education policy to village presidents to township supervisors. The openings are spread across the state but hit rural communities particularly hard. Local school board positions are by far the office most frequently going unfilled, making up close to a third of the positions lacking candidates.

如果选举中无人竞选,市、镇和村董事会可在选后委任人员填补空缺。若董事会无法填补,空缺将留待下一次定期选举再行解决。

City, township and village boards can appoint individuals to vacant positions after the election if there were no candidates. If boards are unable to fill those positions, the vacancies return to the ballot in the next regularly scheduled election.

这不仅是密歇根州的问题。一项研究发现,2024 年全美有 1 万个席位因无人竞选而空缺。

It’s not just a Michigan problem. One study found 10,000 open seats in which there were no candidates across the nation in 2024.

专家表示,这是一个日益严重但鲜为人知的问题。州长和联邦参议员等头条竞选备受关注、候选人众多,但密歇根州的地方社区却难以找到人愿意承担那些通常是兼职、薪资低微、却能维持供水和道路修缮的工作。

Experts say it’s a growing but little-recognized problem. While top-of-the-ticket races such as governor and US senator get lots of attention and candidates, Michigan’s local communities struggle to find people willing to shoulder the typically part-time, low-paid jobs that keep water flowing and roads repaved.

根据密歇根大学近期对社区领袖的一项调查,四分之三的镇和村报告称,填补法定选举产生的职位变得更加困难。密歇根大学地方、州和城市政策中心主任、负责该调查的 Stephanie Leiser 表示,对全国政治的敌意已渗透进镇政厅,对政府的信任度下降让公共服务职位吸引力大减。

Three out of four townships and villages report having more difficulty filling mandatory elected positions , according to a recent University of Michigan survey of community leaders. Animosity toward national politics has seeped into town halls, where trust in government is making public service jobs less attractive, said Stephanie Leiser , director of U-M’s Center for Local, State and Urban Policy, which conducted the survey.

Leiser 说:“谁想报名一个低薪工作,名义上每周工作 12 小时,实际上却像全职工作一样?顺便说一句,你的邻居可能还会恨你。”她表示,这些空缺很重要,因为许多职位直接影响日常生活质量,从征税到组织选举。

“Who wants to sign up for a low-paying job where you’re officially working 12 hours (a week) but it’s more like a full-time job,” Leiser said. “And by the way your neighbors may hate you.”

“我们希望聪明、有干劲的人来担任这些职位,”她说。“如果只是乞求别人来填补职位,大概率得不到最合格的人选。”密歇根州的镇、村、市和学区至少有 1.45 万个民选地方政府职位。大多数是兼职,小型农村地区的职位年薪往往不足 1 万美元。

Those vacancies matter, because many of the positions directly impact daily quality of life, from collecting taxes to running elections, Leiser said. “We want smart, motivated people in these jobs,” she said. “If you’re just begging people to take positions, you’re probably not going to get the most qualified person.”There are at least 14,500 elected local government positions in Michigan townships, villages, cities and school boards.

小镇的受托人每次开会酬劳可能低至 50 美元。许多学校和图书馆董事会职位甚至无薪。

The majority are part-time, with those in small, rural areas often paid under $10,000 a year. Trustees in smaller townships can make as little as $50 a meeting.

Bridge 收集了全州每个社区的在线样本选票,编制了一份无人参选的竞选名单。该名单包括候选人不足以填补多个空缺职位的竞选——例如,只有两名候选人竞争三个空缺的学区董事会席位。

Many school and library boards are unpaid. Bridge collected online samples of ballots in every community across the state to compile a list of races in which no one is running.

分析发现,有145个学区董事会席位、151个村董事会席位和29个图书馆董事会席位无人竞选。

The list includes races in which there are not enough candidates to fill multiple available positions — for example, if only two candidates are running for three open school board posts.

许多空缺职位对当地社区的运作至关重要。沙厄沃西县的莱恩斯堡市无人竞选市长。阿勒纳克县的奥默市同样无人竞选市长,且还有两个市议会成员席位空缺。

The analysis found 145 school board posts without candidates, 151 village board posts and 29 library board positions. Many openings are critical to the operations of local communities. The city of Laingsburg in Shiawassee County has no one running for mayor.

密歇根州252个村庄中,有15个村庄无人竞选村长,其中包括沙厄沃西县的新洛思罗普村。

Neither does Arenac County’s city of Omer, which also has two city council member posts that are vacant.

“我们该怎么办?”担任新洛思罗普村书记已有39年的凯伦·马克西姆丘克问道。这个人口565人的村庄还有一个董事会席位无人竞选。根据法律,村长和董事会成员必须是村里的居民。

Fifteen of Michigan’s 252 villages have no candidates for village president, including New Lothrop Village in Shiawassee County. “What are we going to do?” asked Karen Maksimchuck, who has been the clerk of New Lothrop for 39 years. The village of 565 people also has a board post for which no one is running. By law, the president and board members must be residents of the village.

“我们之前的市长搬到北部去了。我丈夫暂时代理(村长职务),但他已经干满两年了。”马克西姆丘克说,村董事会将在“选举后在当地报纸刊登广告”,征集申请人,以便董事会任命人选填补空缺。书记说,没人会为了1800美元的年薪去干这份工作。

“Our previous mayor moved Up North. My husband is filling in (as village president), but he’s already done his two years.”Maksimchuck said the village board will “advertise in the local paper after the election” to solicit applications for the post so the board can appoint someone. No one is going to do it for the $1,800 annual salary, the clerk said.

“我不认为(难觅候选人)跟薪水有关,”马克西姆丘克说,“我觉得有些人就是不想参与。”密歇根州选票上有10个乡镇书记职位无人竞选。其中一个空缺在萨尼拉克县的布里奇汉普顿镇,该镇人口745人。

“I don’t think (the trouble finding candidates) has anything to do with the pay,” Maksimchuck said. “I think some people don’t want to get involved.”There are 10 township clerk openings on Michigan ballots for which no one is running.

乡镇书记负责管理选举,但自从州宪法修正案规定增加投票天数以来,招聘和留住乡镇书记变得更难了,布里奇汉普顿镇镇长利奥·桑克说。

One vacancy is in 745-resident Bridgehampton Township in Sanilac County.

“(现在)工作量大多了,”桑克说。书记职位年薪1.1万美元。“即使我们想增加额外报酬,也做不到。

Township clerks manage elections, but it’s become harder to recruit and retain township clerks since changes to the state constitution mandated additional days of voting, said Bridgehampton Township Supervisor Leo Sonck. “It’s a lot more work (than in the past),” Sonck said. The clerk post pays $11,000 a year.

“过去四年里,由于工作量增加,书记员流失严重,”桑克说。“许多资深书记员都说:‘我不干了。’” 位于梅诺米尼县、靠近威斯康星州边境的英戈尔斯顿镇,是全州四个无人竞选财政官(负责征税和银行业务)的镇之一。

“Even if we wanted to add extra compensation, we can’t. “There’s been a heavy turnover of clerks in the last four years, because of the extra work,” Sonck said. “There were a lot of veteran clerks who said, ‘I’m done.’”

“自从我两年前上任以来,我们一直在找财政官,”英戈尔斯顿镇监事丹·巴特尔说。“这对退休人员来说是个非常好的职位,可以兼职、在家办公,赚点外快。但一般来说,人们不喜欢与公众打交道。外面有很多要求苛刻的人,指望事情昨天就办完。” 密歇根州人口第二多的镇——广东特许镇(约9.9万居民)的书记员迈克尔·西格里斯特表示,他认为难以找到竞选地方公职候选人,源于公共服务意识的整体下降。

Ingallston Township, near the Wisconsin border in Menominee County, is one of four townships with no one running for treasurer, a position responsible for tax collection and banking. “We’ve been looking for a treasurer since I started two years ago,” said Ingallston Supervisor Dan Bartell. “It’s a really good position for somebody that’s retired and can be part-time, work from home, earn a few extra bucks. But generally, people don’t like to deal with the public. There’s a lot of demanding people out there who expect things to happen yesterday.”

“从埃尔克斯俱乐部、扶轮社、基瓦尼斯俱乐部,到处志愿者都在减少,”担任密歇根市镇书记员协会主席的西格里斯特说。“社区联系正在松动。” 例如,自称是领导力培训和公民组织的杰西会,近年来全美会员每年下降超过10%。西格里斯特说,这些组织过去曾是公共服务的“输送系统”。

Michael Siegrist, clerk of Canton Charter Township, the second highest-populated township in the state with about 99,000 residents, said he believes the struggles to find candidates for local offices can be traced to a general decline in public service. “Volunteerism is down everywhere, from Elks Clubs, Rotary, Kiwanis,” said Siegrist, who serves as president of the Michigan Municipal Clerk Association. “There’s some fraying of community ties.”For example, the Jaycees, which bills itself as a leadership training and civic organization, has suffered membership declines of over 10% annually across the country in recent years.

“公民意识作为一种价值观受到更多挑战,”西格里斯特说。“机构不再像过去那样拥有同等的价值或尊重。”几项可能让填补地方政府职位更容易的法案,在兰辛进展甚微。

Those organizations used to serve as feeder systems for public service, Siegrist said. “Civics as a value has been more challenged,” Siegrist said. “And institutions don’t have the same value or respect as they used to.

一组法案将拨款 350 万美元,为财务、人力资源和信息技术提供“后台”帮助,减轻书记和财务官的压力。另一项法案将允许镇区在书记职位空缺时,聘用镇区外部的持证人员来管理选举。

Several bills that could make it easier to fill local government jobs are getting little traction in Lansing . One set of bills would appropriate $3.5 million to provide “back office” help with finance, human resources and information technology, easing the strain on clerks and treasurers.

“这些职位大多是在人们本职工作之外额外承担的,”西格里斯特说。“我们社会中个人承担的负担变重了,这让事情变得更难。”面对候选人短缺,一些镇区正在绕过法律,任命不需要是社区居民的副书记和副财务官。由于没有同样的居住要求,许多村庄已将书记和财务官从选举产生改为聘用雇员,并将议会成员缩减到法定最低的五人。

Another would allow townships to hire someone who is certified to run elections from outside the township if the clerk position is vacant. “Most of these positions are over and above the employment that people have,” Siegrist said. “The load on our individuals in our society has gotten heavier, and that makes it more difficult.”Faced with candidate shortages, some townships are working around the law to appoint deputy clerks and treasurers who aren’t required to be community residents.

与此同时,在塞维尔镇区,监事马洛里已经在寻找愿意在 2028 年竞选镇区书记的人选。“这很难,”她说。“总得有人来做这事。”

Without the same residential requirement, many villages have switched from elected to employee clerks and treasurers, and shrinking councils to the legal minimum of five members. Meanwhile, in Seville Township, Supervisor Mallory is already looking for someone who’d be willing to run for township clerk in 2028“It’s hard,” she said. “Somebody’s gotta do it.”

阅读媒体原文 ↗