特朗普政府的灾害管理负责人周二告知州政府官员，各州必须增加财政储备和应急能力，以便在没有联邦援助的情况下自行应对大多数灾害。
The Trump administration’s disaster chief told state officials Tuesday they must increase their financial reserves and emergency capabilities to handle most disasters on their own, without federal help.
联邦紧急事务管理署（FEMA）署长卡梅伦·汉密尔顿在阿肯色州小石城举行的一次会议上，以前所未有的详细程度阐述了政府长期计划将灾害应对责任转移给各州的做法。
Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Cameron Hamilton gave unprecedented detail at a conference in Little Rock, Arkansas, about the administration’s long-planned shift of disaster responsibilities to states.
据《政治新闻网》（POLITICO）获得的发言录音显示，汉密尔顿表示：“每个州都必须拥有适当的财政储备”及其他能力，“以确保恢复工作能够立即启动，而不必仅仅因为联邦[灾害]宣布程序而被搁置。”
“Every state must have the appropriate financial reserves” and other abilities “to ensure that recovery efforts can start immediately and not necessarily be held up simply because of the federal [disaster] declaration process,” Hamilton said, according to a recording of his remarks obtained by POLITICO.
汉密尔顿补充道，指的是总统授权联邦灾害援助：“我希望我们能争取的未来是，不需要那么多灾害宣布，因为各州的能力非常高、非常强。”联邦紧急事务管理署未立即回应置评请求。
“A future that I hope we would shoot for is one where we wouldn’t require as many disasters because the capability of states is so high and so substantial,” Hamilton added, referring to presidential authorizations of federal disaster aid. FEMA did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
汉密尔顿在全国应急管理协会年会上的讲话，为他10月15日的一份内部备忘录增添了细节——《政治新闻网》曾报道过该备忘录，其中称联邦紧急事务管理署将“加强州和地方能力”。无论在后勤还是政治层面，该机构在让各州在灾害预防和恢复中发挥主导作用方面，都将面临巨大挑战。
Hamilton’s remarks at the National Emergency Management Association’s annual conference add detail to his Oct. 15 internal memo — reported by POLITICO — which said FEMA will “strengthen state and local capacity.”The agency will face substantial challenges — both logistically and politically — preparing states to take a lead role in disaster prevention and recovery.
联邦紧急事务管理署上周五发布的一份报告发现，州灾害管理机构“通常人员不足、资金短缺”，且许多机构严重依赖联邦资金。
A FEMA report released Friday found that state disaster agencies “are typically understaffed and underfunded” and that many agencies are heavily dependent on federal funding.
资深应急管理官员埃里克·霍尔德曼周一在领英上针对汉密尔顿的备忘录写道：“许多州的应急管理办公室和预算[微乎其微]。有些州的‘雨天基金’捉襟见肘，没有能力弥补联邦灾害恢复资金的缺口——除非增税！”
“There are many states with [minuscule] emergency management offices and budgets. There are states with slim rainy-day funds and no capacity to make up for a lack of federal disaster recovery funds — without RAISING TAXES!”
“减少联邦灾难声明的数量将很困难，其执行将是不可能的！所有总统，而不仅仅是我们现在的这位，当这样做在政治上有利时，都会无视这种政策，”霍尔德曼补充道。他是华盛顿州金县（包括西雅图）的前应急管理主任。
Eric Holdeman, a longtime emergency management official, wrote on LinkedIn on Mondayin response to Hamilton's memo. "Reducing the number of federal disaster declarations will be difficult and its implementation will be impossible!
哈密尔顿告诉各州应急管理负责人，特朗普政府计划启动“全国互助”，即各州互相帮助从破坏性风暴、洪水、野火和其他事件中恢复。
All Presidents, not just the one we have today, will ignore such a policy when it becomes politically expedient to do so,” added Holdeman, a former emergency management director in King County, Washington, which includes Seattle.
哈密尔顿说：“你们还将看到我们要求更多地减免和豁免联邦环境和历史保护要求——那些增加了层层官僚程序的事情。”他指的是联邦应急管理局（FEMA）资助的重建项目审查。
The Trump administration plans to launch “national mutual aid,” whereby states help each other recover from damaging storms, floods, wildfires and other events, Hamilton told state emergency management leaders. “You will also see us asking for greater alleviation and waiving of federal environmental and historical preservation requirements — things that add layers of bureaucracy,” Hamilton said, referring to reviews of FEMA-funded rebuilding projects.
《政治》（POLITICO）从私人会议的一名与会者处获得了演讲录音。
POLITICO obtained a recording of the speech from someone at the private conference.
唐纳德·特朗普总统在其现任期初曾威胁要废除联邦应急管理局，此后呼吁各州承担更多财政责任。
President Donald Trump threatened to abolish FEMA early in his current term and has since called for states to take more financial responsibility.
政府尚未公开宣布任何变更，并继续批准与天气相关事件的灾难援助。
The administration has not publicly announced any changes and has continued to approve disaster aid for weather-related events.
哈密尔顿告诉会议与会者，变更可能“在未来六个月内”开始。哈密尔顿说，避免联邦援助的各州可能会更快开始灾难恢复。如果不必向联邦应急管理局提交详细援助申请并等待决定（这可能需要数周或数月），各州可以“快得多”地开始灾难清理和维修。
Hamilton told the conference attendees that changes could begin “in the next six months.”Hamilton said states that avoid federal aid might begin disaster recovery more quickly. States could start disaster cleanup and repairs “much faster” if they don’t have to submit a detailed aid application to FEMA and await a decision, which can take weeks or months.
哈密尔顿说：“我们有时发现，为了确保声明通过，可能会减缓[恢复]进程。”
“Sometimes what we find is a potential slowing down the [recovery] process to ensure that a declaration comes through,” Hamilton said.
哈密尔顿说，联邦应急管理局将越来越多地专注于“降低风险并在全国范围内建设能力”，以使灾难造成的损害减少，并让各州装备得更好。
Hamilton said FEMA will focus increasingly on “reducing risk and building capacity across the nation” so that disasters cause less damage and states are better-equipped.
哈密尔顿补充道：“联邦资金应用于建设更强能力，而非制造更大依赖。”
“Federal dollars should be building greater capability, not creating greater dependency,” Hamilton added.