前《进步报告》记者邓肯·金尼周一对刑事毁坏罪认罪，这是他在四年前因在阿尔伯塔省埃德蒙顿破坏乌克兰纳粹合作者纪念碑而被捕后的结果。周一的认罪为这起案件画上了一个反高潮式的、不算彻底的句号：表面上这是一起普通的破坏公物案，但因文化敏感性极强，引发了从阿尔伯塔省省长到多伦多西蒙·维森塔尔中心之友等各方关注。
Duncan Kinney, a former journalist with the left-wing website Progress Report, pleaded guilty to criminal mischief on Monday, four years after he was arrested for vandalizing monuments to Ukrainian Nazi collaborators in Edmonton, Alberta. Monday's guilty plea was an anticlimactic not-quite-end to a case that appeared to be run-of-the-mill vandalism but was so culturally charged that it drew the attention of everyone from the Premier of Alberta to Friends of the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Toronto.
2021年，金尼率先报道称，有人在一尊为纪念二战军事指挥官、纳粹合作者罗曼·舒赫维奇而立的半身像上喷涂了“真正的纳粹”，并在一座纪念“加利西亚党卫军”——一个隶属于纳粹党军事部门的乌克兰军事单位——的纪念碑上喷涂了“纳粹纪念碑”和“第14武装党卫军”。
In 2021, Kinney broke the news story that someone had spray-painted “Actual Nazi” on a bust erected to honor WWII military commander and Nazi collaborator Roman Shukhevych and then painted “Nazi Monument” and “14th Waffen SS” on a memorial to the SS Galizien, a Ukrainian military unit that was part of the Nazi Party's military wing.
根据法庭文件，监控摄像头拍下金尼于2021年8月10日凌晨刚过午夜时分喷涂舒赫维奇纪念碑的画面，八小时后又拍下他拍摄“杰作”的画面。随后，他向设有该纪念碑的乌克兰青年团结中心的工作人员发送电子邮件，解释称《进步报告》收到了被破坏纪念碑的照片。这封简短的邮件结尾写道：“你们对此事有何声明或信息？罗曼·舒赫维奇是纳粹还是纳粹合作者？我们的截稿时间是下午3:15。谢谢。”
According to court documents, Kinney was caught on a security camera spray-painting the Shukhevych monument shortly after midnight on Aug. 10, 2021, and caught again eight hours later photographing his handiwork. He then sent an email to the staff of the Ukrainian Youth Unity Complex, where the monument was located, explaining that Progress Report had received photos of the defaced monument. The brief email concluded with “Do you have any statement or information on this matter? Was Roman Shukhevych a Nazi or Nazi collaborator? Our deadline is 3:15 pm. Thank you.”
金尼最初对一项刑事毁坏罪和一项破坏战争纪念碑罪均不认罪。他暗示自己因批评埃德蒙顿警方而成为打击目标，并指控警方试图让他噤声。他定于2027年1月25日宣判，届时检方预计将撤销破坏战争纪念碑这一更严重的指控，该罪名最高可判处10年监禁。《进步报告》董事会谴责金尼行为金尼及其辩护律师汤姆·恩格尔在出庭后均拒绝置评。
Kinney initially pleaded not guilty to one count each of criminal mischief and mischief relating to a war memorial. He suggested he'd been targeted because he was critical of the Edmonton Police Service and alleged that they were trying to silence him. He is due to be sentenced Jan. 25, 2027, at which time the crown prosecutor is expected to drop the more serious charge of defacing a war memorial, which carries a sentence of up to 10 years in prison. Progress Report board condemns Kinney's actionsNeither Kinney nor his defense attorney, Tom Engel, would comment after the court appearance.
然而，《进步报》董事会发表声明谴责其前雇员的行为，称犯罪后却报案称是他人所为，“严重违背新闻职业道德，也是任何媒体组织都无法容忍的行为。金尼始终坚称自己在此事上无辜，我们信任他；今天的消息对我们来说是一个令人不快的惊讶。”
However, the board of Progress Report issued a statement decrying its former employee's actions, calling committing a crime and reporting that somebody else did it “a cardinal breach of journalistic ethics and not acceptable behavior within any media organization. Mr. Kinney has always maintained his innocence in this matter, and we trusted him; today's news was an unpleasant surprise for us.”
最终，此案暴露了乌克兰侨民在乌克兰于大屠杀中所扮演角色这一问题上的深刻分歧。
Ultimately, the case exposed deep divisions in the Ukrainian diaspora about the role that Ukraine played in the Holocaust.
舒赫维奇曾是乌克兰民族主义者组织（OUN）及其武装力量乌克兰起义军（UPA）的领导人。他也是第三帝国辅助营的一名军官。二战期间，他指挥部队杀害犹太人、波兰平民、其他少数民族、共产党人以及他的乌克兰同胞。他还帮助领导了争取乌克兰摆脱苏联统治独立的斗争。
Shukhevych was a leader in both the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and its armed force, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). He was also an officer in a Third Reich auxiliary battalion. During World War II, he commanded troops that murdered Jews, Polish civilians, other national minorities, communists, and his countrymen from Ukraine. And he helped marshal the fight for Ukrainian independence from the Soviets.
党卫队“加利西亚”师纪念碑位于圣米迦勒公墓，距离供奉舒赫维奇半身像的建筑群不到两英里。该部队成员中包括亚罗斯拉夫·洪卡，这位98岁高龄老人于2023年9月在访加的乌克兰总统泽连斯基陪同下现身加拿大下议院，因其在二战中的服役及为乌克兰独立而战，两次获得全场起立鼓掌。议会中似乎无人知晓洪卡的纳粹过去。消息公开后，该事件演变成全国性的尴尬。至少在一段时间内，该国被迫审视自己是如何对待二战战犯的。
The monument to the SS Galizien is located at St. Michael's Cemetery, less than two miles from the complex housing the Shukhevych bust. Among the unit's members was Yaroslav Hunka, who, at age 98, received two standing ovations for his service in WWII and fighting for Ukrainian independence when he appeared in the House of Commons alongside visiting Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky in September 2023. Nobody in Parliament, it seemed, was aware of Hunka's Nazi past. When the news became public, the incident became a national embarrassment. At least temporarily, the country was forced to examine how it dealt with WWII war criminals.
然而在埃德蒙顿，这一失误似乎对金尼的案件没有任何影响。因涉嫌破坏党卫队“加利西亚”师纪念碑，他被指控的罪名并非单纯的恶意破坏，而是破坏战争纪念碑。“我们不认为一座纪念纳粹的雕像属于战争纪念碑，”多伦多西蒙·维森塔尔中心朋友组织政策与倡导高级总监杰米·基尔兹纳-罗伯茨表示。
In Edmonton, however, the blunder appeared to have no impact on Kinney's case. For his alleged vandalism to the SS Galizien monument, he had been charged not with simple mischief, but with vandalizing a war monument. “We do not consider a statue honoring a Nazi to be a war monument,” says Jaime Kirzner-Roberts, senior director of policy and advocacy at the Friends of Simon Wiesenthal Center in Toronto.
“当我们谈论退伍军人纪念碑时，我们谈论的是加拿大的退伍军人。我们谈论的不是纳粹退伍军人。”基兹纳-罗伯茨的组织“加拿大犹太人互助会”（B'nai Brith Canada）和埃德蒙顿犹太联合会，以及当地政界人士和学者，多年来一直要求移除这些纪念碑。
“我认为，就舒赫维奇纪念碑而言，不应为对大规模谋杀负有责任的人树立纪念碑，”阿尔伯塔大学历史学荣休教授约翰-保罗·欣姆卡（John-Paul Himka）说，他的2021年新著《乌克兰民族主义者与大屠杀》（Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust）探讨了乌克兰民族主义者组织（OUN）和乌克兰起义军（UPA）在二战期间消灭乌克兰犹太人口中所扮演的角色。
“When we talk about veterans' monuments, we are talking about Canada's veterans. We are not talking about Nazi veterans.”Kirzner-Roberts' organization, B'nai Brith Canada and the Jewish Federation of Edmonton, as well as local politicians and academics, have been asking for years for the monuments to be removed.“I think that in the case of the Shukhevych monument, you shouldn't put up monuments to people responsible for mass murder,” says John-Paul Himka, a University of Alberta professor emeritus of history, whose 2021 book “Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust” examines the role that the OUN and UPA had in destroying Ukraine's Jewish population during WWII.
“至于武装党卫军纪念碑，奥地利也一直在试图清除他们的武装党卫军纪念碑，这确实是一个全球性的问题，即你究竟想在多大程度上为党卫军成员或与纳粹国家合作的人树立纪念碑。”
“As for the Waffen-SS memorial, Austria has also been trying to get rid of their Waffen-SS memorials and it's an issue around the world, really, how much you want to put up memorials to SS men or to people who collaborated with the Nazi state.”
纳粹关联被斥为“俄罗斯宣传” 在亨卡在议会引发风波不到六个月后，位于安大略省奥克维尔圣弗拉基米尔乌克兰公墓的加利西亚武装党卫军师纪念碑被永久移除。欣姆卡看不出埃德蒙顿会发生类似的事情，这座城市拥有乌克兰裔人口最多的城市，而加拿大是乌克兰境外乌克兰裔人口最多的国家之一。
Nazi ties dismissed as 'Russian propaganda' Less than six months after the Hunka debacle in Parliament, the monument to the SS Galizien at the St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery in Oakville, Ontario, was permanently removed. Himka doesn't see anything like that happening in Edmonton, a city with the largest population of people with Ukrainian descent in a country with one of the largest populations of people with Ukrainian descent outside of Ukraine.“The diaspora community doesn't want to hear about this,” he says.
“侨民社区不想听到这些，”他说。“他们不想面对这段历史，而且实际上没人告诉他们相反的情况。”
“They don't want to confront the history, and nobody is telling them otherwise really.”
然而，法庭确实上演了一场这样的对抗。在金尼出庭结束时，两名看起来40多岁、在半小时庭审过程中一直在织毛衣的女子，与坐在过道对面、看起来年龄至少是她们两倍的两名男子交谈起来。谈话开始得很自然，双方询问对方因何来到法庭。
The courtroom, though, did host one such confrontation. At the conclusion of Kinney's appearance, two women who appeared to be in their 40s and who had spent the half-hour proceedings knitting, engaged in a conversation with two men who appeared to be at least twice their age and were sitting across the aisle. The discussion started innocently enough, with inquiries as to what brought each of them to the courtroom.
当这些女性指出舒赫维奇是纳粹分子，曾杀害数千无辜民众时，气氛变得紧张起来。当这些女性坚持己见时，男性们几乎都翻了白眼。“那是俄罗斯的宣传，”他们嗤之以鼻，随后起身一起走出了法庭。
When the women said that Shukhevych was a Nazi who had killed thousands of innocent people, the temperature heated up. When the women insisted, the men all but rolled their eyes. “That's Russian propaganda,” they scoffed, then got up and marched together out of the courtroom.