
唐纳德·特朗普几乎一整年都处于“战争状态”(即持续采取强硬的军事或政治手段)——而且这种状态不仅体现在伊朗问题上。他多次援引《国防生产法》(该法律于1950年朝鲜战争爆发时通过),以推动自己的能源政策目标:即优先发展化石燃料产业,同时压制清洁能源技术的发展。
Donald Trump has spent most of the year on a war footing, and not just in Iran. He has repeatedly invoked the Defense Production Act, passed in 1950 at the outbreak of the Korean War, to advance his energy policy goals of elevating fossil fuels and sidelining clean technologies.
最近的一个例子是,他迫使纽约州批准一条从宾夕法尼亚州向东北部输送天然气的输气管道项目。能源部长克里斯·赖特宣布,将提供最高4200万美元的《国防生产法》资金,用于该输气管道(全长125英里)的许可申请及前期建设工作。不过,这种资助是否真的能推动项目的顺利进行仍存疑问;这无疑反映了高能源价格对共和党人造成的困境——同时也为这些共和党人未来可能面临的麻烦埋下了隐患。
The latest example involves pushing New York state to take a new pipeline bringing natural gas from Pennsylvania to the northeast. Energy Secretary Chris Wright just announced up to $42 million of DPA funding for permitting and pre-construction work for the 125-mile Constitution Pipeline. Whether this meaningfully advances the project is open to question, but it certainly reflects the difficulties that high energy prices pose to Republicans — and adds another precedent that those same Republicans may come to rue in the years ahead.
这条输气管道项目早在十多年前就已提出,但由于水质问题未能获得纽约州的许可而被迫中止。2020年该项目被彻底放弃,但在特朗普的支持下于去年重新启动;与此同时,特朗普还对纽约州州长凯西·霍丘尔展开了政治压力攻势(具体表现为阻挠该州的海上风电项目)。如今,该项目再次遭到环保组织的反对,目前仍需等待联邦能源监管委员会的许可决定;即便许可最终获得,也可能还需要纽约州政府另行批准相关的水资源使用许可。
Constitution was first proposed more than a decade ago but failed to secure permits from New York state over water-quality concerns. Having been abandoned in 2020, it was revived last year with Trump’s support and coincided with his pressure campaign against New York Governor Kathy Hochul, which took the form of blocking offshore wind-power projects. The pipeline project, which has drawn renewed opposition from environmental groups, awaits a decision from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on reissuing permits and, although this is yet to be determined, likely a new water permit or waiver from New York state authorities.

在这种情况下,《国防生产法》提供的资金虽然对项目的初步工作有一定帮助,但对其最终能否成功实施几乎起不了决定性作用。
In that context, DPA funding for preliminary work is useful but hardly looks decisive to the project’s future.
然而,这一举措在政治层面上具有重要的意义。赖特与内政部长道格·伯格姆将这笔资金描述为推动一项关键性项目的重要手段——该项目旨在降低能源成本、增强国家安全,从而纠正此前民主党政府及“蓝州”(支持民主党的地区)所犯的错误(这些地区曾试图限制美国丰富的天然气供应)。随着11月大选的临近,人们迫切需要将能源价格上涨的原因归咎于其他因素(而非特朗普在伊朗的军事行动),并证明白宫正在竭尽全力缓解能源价格的压力。
It is, however, very useful as a political signal. Wright, along with Interior Secretary Doug Burgum, framed the funding as advancing a critical project that will reduce energy costs and enhance national security, thereby righting the wrongs of prior Democratic administrations and “blue states” that have sought to choke off abundant US gas supplies. The need to blame energy inflation on anything other than Trump’s war in Iran, and show that the White House is doing everything possible to alleviate prices, is paramount as November’s elections loom.
近期此类政治活动层出不穷:从阿拉斯加的所谓大型天然气项目,到以少量俄罗斯柴油为交换条件而免除的制裁措施,不一而足。不过,特朗普最近关于能源问题的种种声明实际上对当前能源价格并无实质性的影响;因为种种政治因素正在围绕着“中期选举”这一核心议题快速旋转。赖特和伯格姆选择在众议员迈克·劳勒(一位在纽约第17选区处于胶着状态的共和党候选人)的陪同下宣布这项管道建设项目的资金安排,实在并非偶然。
We have seen a flurry of such activity, encompassing everything from a supposed giant gas project in Alaska to waived sanctions in exchange for a mooted trickle of Russian diesel. Picture Trump’s various recent pronouncements on energy, none of which will do much for prices here and now, as so many eddies of water rapidly circling a giant drain marked ‘midterms.’It is no accident that Wright and Burgum announced the pipeline funding next to Representative Mike Lawler, a Republican locked in a tossup race to hold New York’s 17th district.
新英格兰地区确实需要更多的天然气,至少可以用来替代那些在冬季供暖时燃烧的、碳排放量更高的燃油。但实际情况并非那么简单明了。根据总部位于华盛顿的分析机构ClearView Energy Partners的研究,该管道项目的主要目的似乎是实现能源供应的多元化,而非大幅增加天然气供应量。此外,该管道项目尚未与任何客户签订正式合同,这引发了人们对该项目是否真正必要的质疑——对于监管机构来说,这是一个非常重要的考量因素。
New England could use more natural gas, if only to displace the burning of even more carbon-intensive fuel oil for power during winter freezes. But the case isn’t clear-cut. For one thing, Constitution’s benefits appear to be weighted to diversifying supply rather than adding a lot of incremental new gas, according to ClearView Energy Partners, a Washington-based analysis firm. Moreover, the pipeline doesn’t seem to have yet secured contracts from customers, raising questions over whether it is genuinely needed, an important consideration for regulators.
此外,别忘了,正是同一个政府援引紧急权力向新英格兰输送更多天然气,却竭尽全力破坏本可减少对天然气需求的海上风电项目。这种自我实现的能源紧急状态,或许是特朗普所作所为中最有害的一面。然而,除了民主党州长之外,这对所有美国人来说都是一种潜在的担忧,包括那些支持白宫积极使用行政权力的人。
Plus, let’s not forget that the same administration invoking emergency powers to push more gas on New England has done its utmost to ruin offshore wind projects that would mitigate the need for that same gas. This self-fulfilling energy emergency is perhaps the most pernicious aspect of Trump’s efforts. Apart from Democratic governors, however, this is a latent concern for all Americans, including those who back the White House’s aggressive use of executive authority.
能源供应当然是国家安全的核心。宪法秩序同样如此。利用《国防生产法》试图强行推进一个缺乏明确需求的边缘性管道项目,是特朗普试图绕过既定程序和规范以及州权来推进其优先事项的又一例证。
Energy supply is, of course, central to national security. So, too, is constitutional order. Using the DPA to try to force through a marginal pipeline project lacking clear demand is another example of Trump attempting to end-run established processes and norms, as well as state powers, to advance his priorities.
不可否认,美国迫切需要改革许可制度,以加快基础设施项目建设。改革是必要的,既能阻止活动人士为阻挠一切化石燃料项目而采用的法律拖延策略,也能阻止特朗普用来阻挠他不喜欢的绿色项目乃至输电线路的那种追溯性干预。但你猜怎么着,一项现有的两党许可改革法案或许仍能获得国会通过,尽管最早也要等到跛脚鸭会期。
There is no denying that the US urgently needs to reform permitting in order to speed up infrastructure projects. Reform is required to head off the legal strategies of delay employed by activists to block any and all fossil fuel projects as well as to head off the kind of retroactive meddling that Trump has employed to block green projects, or even transmission lines, that he doesn’t like. But guess what, an existing bipartisan permitting reform bill may yet be passed by Congress, albeit not likely before the lame-duck session at the earliest.
特朗普再次在如此有争议的情况下诉诸《国防生产法》,很难培养出礼让精神。即使总统只使用《国防生产法》的激励措施而非其强制权力,他也在加速一种持续的趋势,即政府对能源市场进行更沉重且越来越反复无常的干预。
Trump’s resort to the DPA, again, and in such contentious circumstances, hardly fosters a spirit of comity. Even if the president is only using the DPA’s incentives, rather than its compulsion powers, he continues to accelerate an ongoing trend toward heavier, and increasingly capricious, intervention in energy markets by the government.
当这样做是为了帮助一条天然气管道或一个海上油田时,共和党人很可能会欢呼。但当未来某届政府效仿特朗普的做法,宣布气候紧急状态,并强加性质不同的解决方案时,他们可能就不会那么热情了。
Republicans may well cheer when that is done to aid a gas pipeline or an offshore oil field. They may feel less enthusiastic when some future administration takes a leaf from Trump’s playbook, declares a climate emergency, and imposes solutions of a different nature.