

这可能是一个其成员都不愿加入的俱乐部,但在美国受极端天气灾害影响的人数不断增加,正开始组织成一股政治力量。
It may be a club none of its members actually want to be in, but the growing number of people in the US affected by extreme weather disasters are starting to organize into a political force.
严重的野火、洪水、风暴及其他灾难如今影响着大量美国人的生活——据一项估计,约占美国所有人口的一半——随着气候危机加剧极端天气事件。一些幸存者现在开始团结起来,推动改善灾害应对,甚至就全球变暖这一政治敏感问题采取行动。
Severe wildfires, floods storms and other calamities now touch the lives of huge numbers of Americans – about half of all people in the US by one estimate – as the climate crisis supercharges extreme events. Some survivors are now coalescing to push for improved disaster response and even action on the politically contentious issue of global heating.
“该组织的发展,不幸的是,速度相当之快,”西耶拉·科斯说。她是一位电影制片人,在2020年试图带儿子前往就医时,被俄勒冈州农村野火产生的有毒烟雾笼罩,随后联合创立了极端天气幸存者组织。
“The group has grown, sadly, quite rapidly,” said Sierra Kos, a film-maker who co-founded Extreme Weather Survivors after being caught in a pall of toxic smoke from wildfires in rural Oregon in 2020 as she attempted to take her son to receive medical care.
“但我确信,极端天气的幸存者不仅将塑造未来的政治结果和政策,还会着手竞选公职,”科斯说。“这将是一个政策制定者和政客都需要倾听的选民群体。”科斯表示,极端天气的冲击以一种异常跨党派的方式将人们联系在一起,政治立场各异的幸存者代表团已多次前往华盛顿游说立法者。
“I am positive though that survivors of extreme weather will not just shape political outcomes and policies moving forward but also look to run for office,” said Kos. “This is going to be a constituency that policymakers and politicians need to listen to.”The shock of extreme weather help bonds people in an unusually bipartisan way, Kos said, with politically diverse delegations of survivors making several trips to press lawmakers in Washington.
科斯表示,幸存者们普遍认为,联邦应急管理局(Fema)应更加灵敏,但灾害援助也不应被政治化。特朗普对Fema实施了大幅削减,强调各州应承担更多灾害救援责任,并被指责向未投他票的州扣留资源。
Survivors overwhelmingly feel that the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Fema) should be more responsive but also that disaster aid should not be politicized, Kos said. Donald Trump has enacted deep cuts to Fema, stressing that states should take more responsibility for disaster relief, and has been accused of withholding resources from states that did not vote for him.

“我认为,很难找到比我们更团结于核心问题的一群人,”科斯谈到她组织的幸存者网络时说,该网络目前遍及美国约2500人。
“I think you’d be hard pressed to find a group of people that are more united on the core issues,” Kos said of her organization’s survivor network, which now spans around 2,500 people across the US.
本月在得克萨斯州举行的一场幸存者会议表明,政客们尚未感受到足以迫使他们与极端天气受灾者打交道的巨大政治压力。
A meeting of survivors this month in Texas, though, suggests that politicians don’t yet feel overwhelming political pressure to engage with those affected by extreme weather.
在克尔维尔市的一座社区大厅里,距离2025年山洪暴发夺走136条生命的地点不远,所有得克萨斯州州长和参议员候选人均受邀向幸存者发表演说,但只有民主党副州长候选人维基·古德温(Vikki Goodwin)一人到场。
In a community hall in Kerrville, near where flash floods killed 136 people in 2025, all of the Texas gubernatorial and senate candidates were invited to speak to survivors but only one, Vikki Goodwin, Democratic candidate for lieutenant-governor, showed up.
古德温对与会者说:“我们在得州看到更多极端天气,我们需要为幸存者做更多事情。”
“We are seeing more extreme weather in Texas and we need to do more for survivors,” Goodwin told the group.
几位在活动上发言的人表示,惊讶于自己被推到了倡导者的角色上。“我原本根本不关心政治,从未想过会做这种事,”凯莉·奈德弗(Kylie Nidever)说,她曾是一名幼儿园教师,位于得州亨特的童年故居是该社区为数不多在洪水淹没中幸存下来的房屋之一。
Several of those who spoke at the event expressed surprise at how they had been thrust into the role of advocate. “I just didn’t care about politics. I never thought I’d be doing this,” said Kylie Nidever, a former pre-school teacher whose childhood home in Hunt, Texas, was one of the few in the neighborhood to survive inundation from the floods.

奈德弗说:“看到家园毁于一旦让我变得激进,还有幸存者内疚感。所以最初我是通过这种方式应对创伤的。”她曾向得州议会一个委员会发言,并对联邦应急管理局(Fema)对今年再次袭击该地区、造成伤亡较轻的类似洪水缺乏回应感到震惊。
“It radicalized me to see my community devastated, and there was some survivors’ guilt, too. So that was initially how I dealt with the trauma,” said Nidever, who has spoken to a committee of Texas lawmakers and expressed shock at the lack of Fema response to similar, less deadly, floods that hit the region again this year.
她说:“我们需要更多权力,更多指导,更多支持。眼看着第二场洪水过后这些依然没有落实,让我更加奋发。我想我早知还会发洪水,只是没想到会来得这么快。”
“We need more authority, we need more guidance, we need more support,” she said. “And seeing that not happen even after this second flood has lit a fire under me. I guess I knew it would flood again, I just didn’t think it would happen so soon.”
乔治亚·毕晓普(Georgia Bishop)的挚友费利西蒂·贾蒙(Felicity Jarmon)死于2025年洪水,她说至今仍难以启齿谈论那场灾难,给她自己的房子造成了“毁灭性”破坏。但这位19岁的年轻人已参与“极端天气幸存者”组织的活动,并于6月前往华盛顿向国会议员陈述,呼吁为像她这样的社区提供更好的洪水预警,例如警报器。
Georgia Bishop, whose best friend Felicity Jarmon died in the 2025 floods, said she still finds it difficult to talk about the disaster, which caused “devastating” damage to her own home. But the 19-year-old has got involved with Extreme Weather Survivors events and traveled to Washington in June to speak to members of Congress about the need for better flood warnings, such as sirens, for communities like hers.
她说,她得到的反应不一,一些议员显得不感兴趣,而另一些则承诺会做得更多。“我唯一的要求是,你们说你们在努力,说你们在工作,我会相信这一点,但会不会来得及,在真正的事情再次发生之前?”毕晓普说。
The reception she got was mixed, she said, with some lawmakers appearing uninterested while some promised to do more. “My only thing is that you say you’re trying, you say you’re working, and I will believe you on that, but will it be in time before something really is going to happen again?”

“我只是想帮忙确保这种事永远不再发生,因为我永远不希望这种事再发生在任何人身上。”幸存者团体经常分享在与错综复杂且往往徒劳无功的流程打交道时的挫败感,这些流程涉及保险公司、联邦应急管理局(FEMA)以及一长串其他地方、州和联邦政府机构,目的是获取资源以拼凑破碎的家园和生活。
Bishop said. “I just want to help make sure that this never happens again, because I never want that to happen again to anybody.”Survivor groups routinely share tales of frustration when dealing with the labyrinthine and often fruitless process of dealing with insurance companies, Fema and a catalogue of other local, state and federal government agencies to get the resources to piece back together shattered homes and lives.
在得克萨斯州的会议上,有几个人说他们很快将被驱逐出临时住房,却没有收到联邦应急管理局或其他机构的款项来帮助修复受损的房屋使其重新适宜居住。其他幸存者在现任和前任政府时期都曾多次被拒绝联邦应急管理局的援助。
Several people at the Texas meeting spoke of how they will soon be evicted from temporary housing, with no payments from Fema or other bodies to help make their ruined homes habitable again. Other survivors have been rejected multiple times for Fema assistance, under this and previous administrations.
“联邦应急管理局很烂,他们极其低效且陈旧,以至于人们放弃了,不值得你承受这种压力,”伊丽莎白·安德森说,她位于佐治亚州亚特兰大的房屋在2025年遭飓风“海伦”袭击。
“Fema is terrible, they are awful, they are so inefficient and antiquated that people give up, it’s not worth your stress,” said Elisabeth Anderson, whose home in Atlanta, Georgia was hit by Hurricane Helene in 2025.
在多次申请被拒后,安德森不得不贷款支付40万美元,用于修复因洪水受损的房屋;那场洪水曾迫使她、丈夫、孩子和两只狗爬上车顶逃离上涨的洪水。“太疯狂了,像电影里的场景,”她形容洪水说,“我一度真的以为我们会死。”许多幸存者抱怨对重大灾害缺乏准备和应对,科斯说。“大家有一种‘我们是美国人,应该拥有最好的疏散通知’的感觉——而所有这些资金都被削减了,这真的让人们愤怒,”她补充道。
After several rejected applications, Anderson had to take out a loan to cover the $400,000 needed to repair her home from flooding that had forced her, her husband, child and two dogs to sit on the top of their car to escape the rising waters. “It was insane, like something out of a movie,” she said of the floodwater. “I definitely thought we’d die at one point.”Many survivors complain about the lack of preparation and response to major disasters, Kos said. “There’s this sense of ‘we are American, we should have the best possible evacuation notifications’ – and the fact that all of that funding has been cut really infuriates people,” she added.

这些共同的苦难有助于将来自美国政治分裂版图不同地区的幸存者团结在一起,甚至帮助那些此前对气候危机与灾难之间的关联持怀疑态度的人更好地认识到这种关联。科学家们已经明确表示,全球变暖可能加剧了得克萨斯州及其他地区的洪水,以及近期的热浪和野火。
These common woes help pull together survivors from different parts of America’s politically fractured landscape, even helping foster a greater appreciation of the role of the climate crisis in disasters among those previously skeptical of such links. Scientists have been clear that global heating likely worsened the floods in Texas and elsewhere, as well as recent heatwaves and wildfires.
“我以前认为全球变暖只是灌输,后来我经历了一场洪水,我真的以为自己会死,”来自得克萨斯州利安德的70岁共和党选民迈克·马尔科姆说。2025年洪水涌入他家时,他在手和脚上写下了自己的社会安全号码,以防他的遗体需要被辨认。
“I used to think global warming was just indoctrination, then I lived through a flood where I genuinely thought I was going to die,” said Mike Malcolm, a 70-year-old Republican voter from Leander, Texas, who wrote his social security number on his hands and feet in case his body had to be identified as muddy water from the 2025 floods filled his home.
马尔科姆说,他的孩子们帮助他理解了洪水与全球变暖之间的联系。“我们必须愿意进行艰难的对话并寻找解决方案,”他补充道。“我不断问自己:我们想教给孩子们什么,我们想给他们留下什么样的未来?”尽管如此,围绕气候变化的政治毒性——特朗普曾称之为“骗局”和“胡说八道”——意味着“气”这个字在幸存者团体中并不突出,这些团体使用“极端天气幸存者”和“重建:全国灾难幸存者协会”等名称。
Malcolm’s children helped him understand the link between the floods and global heating, he said. “We have to be willing to have difficult conversations and look for solutions,” he added. “I keep asking myself: what do we want to teach our children, and what kind of future do we want to leave them?”Still, the political toxicity around climate change, which Trump has called a “hoax” and “bullshit”, means that the “C” word is not prominent in survivors groups, sporting names such as Extreme Weather Survivors and Rebuild: the National Disaster Survivors Association.
“对我来说,气候变化这个词竟然会造成分裂,这太疯狂了,但它确实会,”尼德弗说。“这就是为什么我们只说极端天气。我们用这个说法而不是去碰气候,因为它更具包容性,而且不是一个敏感话题。”即将到来的中期选举的竞选活动几乎没有提及气候危机或重大灾难,尽管在美国经历了有记录以来最热的夏天以及有史以来最强的厄尔尼诺事件之一开始之后——该事件已经给西海岸带来洪水,并预计将在明年引发更严重的高温——美国选民希望政客们更多地谈论这些问题。
“It’s crazy to me that the term climate change can be divisive, but it can be,” said Nidever. “That’s why we just say extreme weather. We use that instead of going there with climate because it’s more inclusive and it’s not a hot-button term.”Campaigns for the upcoming midterm elections have barely featured mentions of the climate crisis or major disasters, despite American voters wanting politicians to speak more about these issues in the wake of the hottest summer on record in the US and the onset of one of the strongest ever El Niño events, which is already bringing flooding to the west coast and is set to spur even worse heat next year.
幸存者可能不会在这次选举中产生重大影响,但许多人认为,随着极端天气持续推高房屋保险费和其他成本,并以有毒的野火烟雾、洪水和高温让一年中的大部分时间千疮百孔,这种情况将会改变。
Survivors may not make a major impact at this election but many feel this will change as warping weather continues to raise home insurance rates and other costs and pockmark large chunks of the year with toxic wildfire smoke, flooding and heat.

“越来越多的人认识受到此事影响的人。当这种事再次发生在我身上时,我感到震惊,但我并不是唯一一个受到多起事件影响的人,”医学期刊插画师亚历克斯·韦伯说。2005年卡特里娜飓风袭击后,他从新奥尔良撤离,却迁往北卡罗来纳州阿什维尔,而两年前海伦飓风席卷了这座城市。
“More and more people know someone affected by this. I was in shock when this happened to me again but I’m not the only one affected by multiple events,” said Alex Webber, a medical journal illustrator who evacuated New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, only to relocate to Asheville, North Carolina ahead of Hurricane Helene, which tore through the city two years ago.
“联邦应急管理局给该地区的资金根本没有到位,”韦伯说。他表示,洪水过去两年后,阿什维尔的大部分地区仍然死气沉沉。“许多政客在市中心被拉着游行,就像灾难旅游一样,我们感觉像动物园里的动物。然后他们消失了,我们现在只是旧闻了。
“The money for the region from Fema just hasn’t showed up,” said Webber, who said much of Asheville remains moribund two years after the flooding. “A lot of politicians were paraded downtown, it was like disaster tourism and we felt like zoo animals. Then they disappeared and we are just old news now.
“除非你承认气候变化存在,否则你无法对抗它;感觉我们的鸽子显然正在回巢栖息。我们不能再拖延了。我们必须解决这个问题,它必须不再是一个党派问题。但现在没有安全的地方了。没有人能免受其害。”
“You can’t combat climate change unless you accept it exists; it feels our pigeons are clearly coming home to roost. We can’t keep delaying. We have to solve this, it has to stop being a partisan issue. But there’s nowhere safe now. No-one is immune from this.”