2017年，一名男子在加利福尼亚州旧金山湾区圣伯纳丁市一所小学任教特殊教育的前妻面前开火，导致她和一名学生死亡，随后该男子自杀。
In 2017, a man opened fire on his estranged wife, a special needs teacher at an elementary school in San Bernardino, California, killing her and a student before taking his own life.
根据美国秘密服务局的一份首次发布的报告，袭击者在实施暴力之前常常表现出一系列“令人关注的行为”。报告显示，近三分之二的实施工作场所袭击的袭击者表现出此类行为。
The man who carried out the attack had a history of domestic violence, according to the U.S. Secret Service, which in a first-of-its-kind report is detailing common "behaviors of concern" it says are often exhibited before attackers carry out violence. Nearly three-quarters of those who carried out workplace attacks exhibited such behaviors of concern, according to the report released on Wednesday.
美国秘密服务局除了承担保护和金融犯罪任务外，还设有国家威胁评估中心（NTAC），该中心专注于研究有针对性的暴力行为，并发布相关研究报告。
In addition to its protection and financial crime duties, the U.S. Secret Service also houses the National Threat Assessment Center (NTAC), which examines targeted violence and publishes research papers on the topic. Lina Alathari, who has a Ph.
拥有认知神经心理学博士学位的Lina Alathari领导该中心，她在接受ABC新闻采访时表示，该报告分析了2016至2020年间的袭击事件，并基于秘密服务局推荐的培训项目实践的工作场所访谈得出结论。
D. in cognitive neuropsychology and leads the center, told ABC News in an interview the report studied incidents from 2016 to 2020. It's also based on interviews with workplaces that practice the training the Secret Service recommends.
Alathari表示：“我们在分析大规模袭击时发现，超过40%的袭击者有家庭暴力史，而在进一步筛选这50名工作场所袭击者的子集后，这一比例上升至53%。”她补充说，这类事件仍在以“每月或每周”为频率持续发生。
"One of the main findings from our report examining mass attacks was that over 40% of the attackers had a history of domestic violence, and when you parse out these 50 subset of workplace attackers, that number goes up to 53%," Alathari said adding that the incidents continue to happen on a "monthly or weekly basis."
Alathari向ABC新闻解释称，攻击的预警信号存在一个“连续体”。报告指出：“一些袭击者实施了针对伴侣或亲属的暴力，这导致受害者向法院申请保护令或禁制令。”报告还显示，约有三分之二的袭击者先前有刑事案底。
Alathari told ABC News the warning signs of the attacks fell on a "continuum." According to the report: "Some attackers engaged in violence directed at romantic partners or relatives, prompting victims to seek protective orders or restraining orders against the attackers." About two-thirds of attackers had prior criminal charges, according to the report.
报告进一步列举了引发关注的其他行为，包括袭击者发表令人不安或威胁性的言论、表现出奇怪或不寻常的行为，以及跟踪和骚扰他人。
"Other behaviors that elicited concern included attackers making disturbing or threatening statements, exhibiting strange or unusual behaviors, and stalking and harassing others," the report stated.
根据这份报告，特勤局研究的这些事件发现，作案者都熟悉工作场所——无论是前员工还是现员工，在工作场所上班的恋人，还是顾客。
The incidents the Secret Service studied found that perpetrators were familiar with the workplace -- whether they were a former or current employee, a romantic partner who worked at the site or a customer, according to the report.
报告列出了一系列可能实施针对性工作场所暴力者典型的预警行为和迹象，例如一名22岁的服役人员，在实施导致基地内两人死亡、一人受伤的袭击之前，“经历了多重压力源，包括摩托车事故造成的慢性疼痛、亲人健康状况恶化、同辈骚扰，以及因表现不佳和迟到而多次受到训斥和处分”。
The report lays out a series of warning behaviors and signs that are typical for those who might carry out targeted workplace violence, like a 22-year-old service member who "experienced multiple stressors, including chronic pain resulting from a motorcycle accident, the ailing health of a loved one, harassment from peers, and numerous reprimands and citations at work due to poor performance and tardiness," before carrying out an attack that killed two on base and injured a third person.
根据报告，在特勤局审查的50起袭击中，几乎所有的袭击者都经历了某种压力源。在所研究的袭击中，零售场所是最主要的目标，其次是餐馆，以及制造或配送中心。特勤局发现，几乎所有袭击都是由单独行动的男性实施的。
In nearly all of the 50 attacks the Secret Service examined the attacker experienced some kind of stressor, according to the report. Of the attacks studied, retail locations were the most targeted, followed by restaurants, and manufacturing or distribution centers. The Secret Service found that nearly all of the attacks were carried out by males who acted alone.
根据报告，实施工作场所暴力行为的员工中有一半有纪律处分记录，例如一名男子在被告知将被解雇后，在人力资源会议上开枪打死了四名同事。
According to the report, half of the employees that carried out workplace violence had disciplinary records, such as a man who shot and killed four co-workers in an HR meeting after being given notice that he was being terminated.
特勤局表示，工作场所暴力可以通过采取主动措施来预防——例如争取公司高管的支持，组建一个能够察觉威胁性或令人担忧行为的团队。
The Secret Service said that workplace violence can be prevented by implementing proactive steps -- such as securing the support of senior executives at the company to create a team that is aware of threatening or concerning behaviors.
“特勤局希望确保任何规模的组织，无论小型、中型还是大型，都能采用这一框架，这是一个可扩展的蓝图，供他们开始建立这些项目或完善现有项目，”阿拉萨里说，并补充说特勤局每天都使用威胁评估模型来保护总统和其他人。
"The Secret Service wanted to make sure that an organization of any size, small, medium, or large, can take this framework, and it's a scalable blueprint for them to start establishing these programs or refine existing programs," Alathari said, adding the Secret Service uses the threat assessment model to protect the president and others every day.
“我们告诉组织，必须为员工提供资源和培训，让他们能够识别预警信号，同时设立报告渠道，确保组织内有人负责采取行动，防止未来的袭击，”她表示。
"What we're telling organizations is you have to have resources and trainings for employees to recognize the warning signs, but also the avenues to report this behavior so that someone in the organization has the responsibility for taking action to make sure that preventing a future attack," she said.