莫斯科，10月21日——由于欧洲对乌克兰的支持，俄罗斯加大了对欧洲公司的打击力度；不过俄罗斯官员和美国商界人士表示，俄罗斯在很大程度上对美国公司采取了较为宽容的态度，继续维持与华盛顿的商业关系。
MOSCOW, Oct 21 - Russia has deepened a crackdown on European companies in response to Europe's support for Ukraine, while largely sparing US firms as Moscow courts business ties with Washington, Russian officials and US business people said.
据路透社对官方数据的分析，在俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京自2025年1月唐纳德·特朗普就任美国总统以来下令暂时接管的所有20家外国公司中，只有3家公司与美国有关，其余公司均由欧洲公司控制。
Of 20 foreign-owned firms that Russian President Vladimir Putin has placed under temporary administration since Donald Trump's inauguration as US president in January 2025, only three were linked to the US, with the remainder controlled by European companies, a Reuters analysis of official data shows.
一位接近俄罗斯金融监管机构的人士表示，在与华盛顿进行商业谈判的同时，对美国公司采取过于严厉的措施并不符合俄罗斯的利益。
A person close to Russian financial regulators said that while business negotiations were underway with Washington, it was not in Moscow's interest to take as tough a line on US firms as the Kremlin was adopting towards those from Europe.
美国特使史蒂夫·威特科夫周三在圣彼得堡会见了普京，双方讨论了如何解决乌克兰冲突的问题。俄罗斯新闻机构报道称，普京向威特科夫表示有兴趣恢复与美国的经济联系。
US special envoy Steve Witkoff met Putin in St Petersburg on Wednesday for talks aimed at resolving the war in Ukraine. Russian news agencies reported Putin told Witkoff he was interested in restoring economic ties with the United States.
乌克兰及其盟友担心美国正在逐渐疏远基辅；特朗普还批评了乌克兰对俄罗斯炼油厂的袭击行为，而欧洲领导人则坚定地支持乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基。
Ukraine and its allies have voiced concerns that the US is backing away from Kyiv, and Trump has criticized Ukrainian attacks on Russian oil refineries even as European leaders have lined up behind Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy.
自上个月以来，俄罗斯以欧洲在战争期间对乌克兰的支持以及欧洲企业参与“直接战场敌对行动”为由，接管了瑞士食品集团雀巢（Nestle）以及法国、德国、瑞典和比利时公司的在俄罗斯的资产。
Russia, citing Europe's wartime support for Ukraine and involvement in "direct battlefield hostilities", has since last month taken control of local units of Swiss food group Nestle and retailers Auchan and Metro. Last week it seized control of the local assets of four smaller companies from France, Germany, Sweden and Belgium.
克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫表示：“公司的国籍是做出这一决定的考虑因素之一”；他还称这些国家参与了“非法侵占俄罗斯财产”的行为。
"Their country of origin was one of the factors taken into account in making the decision," Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said, adding that these countries were involved in "illegal expropriations of Russian property".
雀巢曾在9月表示将采取措施保护其在俄罗斯的权益，但该公司拒绝进一步置评；其他被接管的公司也未回应任何评论请求。
Nestle, which said in September it would take steps to protect its rights in Russia, declined to comment further. The other companies did not respond to requests for comment.
瑞士经济事务国务秘书处的发言人表示，现有信息表明，受影响的欧洲企业数量多于美国企业。
A spokesperson for Switzerland's State Secretariat for Economic Affairs said that the available information supported the perception that more European than US firms were being hit.
克里姆林宫拒绝就其在俄罗斯对待美国和欧洲企业的态度发表评论；白宫也没有回应相关询问。
The Kremlin declined to comment on how it was treating US and European companies in Russia, while the White House did not respond to a request for comment. 'WE HAVE TRUMP'
与此同时，俄罗斯与特朗普政府的关系有所缓和。美国本月宣布了购买俄罗斯柴油的协议，此外还包括天然气等方面的合作计划，这些议题已在最近几个月的会谈中得到讨论。特朗普于周六签署行政命令，取消了针对俄罗斯商品的部分制裁和关税。
Russia's relations with the Trump administration, meanwhile, have warmed. The US announced a deal this month to buy Russian diesel and other deals, including on gas, have been discussed at meetings in recent months. Trump signed an executive order on Saturday waiving key sanctions and tariffs on Russian goods.
俄罗斯谈判代表基里尔·德米特里耶夫（Kirill Dmitriev）是一位在美国接受过教育的投资银行家，目前担任俄罗斯直接投资基金（RDIF）的负责人。他一直积极推动美国企业在俄罗斯的投资与业务发展，并将这一举措称为“历史性时刻”。
Russian negotiator Kirill Dmitriev, a US-educated investment banker who heads the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) and has pushed in talks for the return and expansion of US firms, hailed the move as a "historic moment".
自2025年2月在沙特首都利雅得开始谈判以来，特朗普的特使维特科夫（Witkoff）和贾里德·库什纳（Jared Kushner）一直以与俄罗斯达成数十亿美元规模的交易为契机，试图促使普京寻求和平解决方案。
Trump's envoys Witkoff and Jared Kushner have used the prospect of multibillion-dollar deals with Russia as an incentive to push Putin toward a peaceful settlement since the start of talks in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, in February 2025.
德米特里耶夫上周表示，俄罗斯和美国很快将宣布新的合作计划，这些计划可能在战争结束前得以实施。不过美国方面此前曾表示，在冲突持续期间达成协议的可能性不大。
Dmitriev said last week Russia and the US would soon announce new joint initiatives that could move ahead before the war ends. The US has previously signalled that deals are unlikely while the conflict continues.
一位了解内情的人士指出，一些不支持和平努力的俄罗斯官员仍可能推动克里姆林宫采取更多措施，以吸引更多美国企业参与俄罗斯的经济活动。
One person familiar with the situation said that some Russian officials who do not support peace efforts could yet push for the Kremlin's actions to include more US companies.
目前，俄罗斯直接投资基金（RDIF）与美国公司的唯一合作项目是与在纽约上市的Titan International公司共同投资的一家轮胎工厂（该工厂位于伏尔加格勒）。
The RDIF's only current partnership with a US company is a joint investment with New York-listed Titan International in a tyre factory in Volgograd.
另一位知情人士表示，德米特里耶夫曾私下强调，这个案例体现了美国企业在俄罗斯的成功发展。
Another person familiar with the situation said Dmitriev has in private highlighted this as an example of a thriving US business in Russia.
Titan International公司未对相关评论请求作出回应。
Titan did not respond to a request for comment.
两位在莫斯科的美国商界人士表示，特朗普对与俄罗斯开展经济合作的承诺以及正在进行的谈判有助于保护美国企业的利益。
Trump's commitment to economic cooperation with Russia and ongoing talks have helped to protect the interests of US companies, two US business people in Moscow said.
美国驻俄罗斯商会会长罗伯特·阿吉（Robert Agee）去年12月表示，由于欧洲的政策因素，欧洲企业在俄罗斯的处境比美国企业更为悲观。据该商会估计，目前仍有约300家美国企业在俄罗斯运营。
American Chamber of Commerce Russia President Robert Agee said in December last year that European firms in Russia were less optimistic than American ones, citing European policy. The chamber estimates there are some 300 US firms left in Russia.
阿吉去年对俄罗斯媒体表示：“我们有特朗普的支持，而欧洲企业却没有；我们的希望都寄托在他身上。”对于这篇报道，阿吉及该商会均拒绝进一步置评。
"We have Trump and they don't, and our hopes are linked to him," Agee told Russian media last year. Agee and the chamber declined to comment further for this story.
战争爆发后，俄罗斯确实在其财产重新分配过程中针对了一些美国中型企业。有报道称，莫斯科从俄罗斯及外国所有者手中没收了价值超过500亿美元的私人财产。
Russia did target some mid-sized US firms during its property redistribution drive after the start of the war. One report estimated Moscow seized more than $50 billion worth of private property from both Russian and foreign owners.
位于布鲁塞尔的欧盟委员会拒绝就受影响的欧盟企业数量与美国企业的数量进行比较，但指出这些资产没收行为缺乏正当程序，实质上属于“强制征用”。
The European Commission in Brussels declined to comment on the number of EU firms being targeted relative to US ones, but said the recent asset seizures were without due process and amounted to "forced expropriation in all but name".
欧盟委员会的一位发言人告诉路透社：“这些行为明显属于经济报复手段，表明俄罗斯对商业活动来说并不是一个安全的环境。”他们还表示：“欧盟已经制定了相应的应对措施，可以制裁那些从强制征用中获利的企业。”
"This follows a clear pattern of economic retaliation," a Commission spokesperson told Reuters, adding that the moves showed that "Russia is not a safe environment for business". "The EU has measures in place to respond. We can sanction those profiting from forced expropriations," they added.