1966年2月22日，维捷罗克和乌戈利奥克乘坐苏联“宇宙110号”飞船发射升空，并于3月16日安全返回地球，在轨飞行了22天。该任务旨在研究长时间太空飞行的影响，包括范艾伦辐射带辐射的暴露。科学家追踪了两只狗的生命体征，记录了它们的辐射暴露量，并评估了它们着陆后的身体状况。任务的目标和发现记录在NASA的历史出版物《1966年宇航学与航空学》中。
Veterok and Ugolyok were launched aboard the Soviet Cosmos 110 spacecraft on February 22, 1966, and returned safely to Earth on March 16, after 22 days in orbit. The mission examined the effects of prolonged spaceflight, including exposure to radiation from the Van Allen belts. Scientists tracked the dogs’ vital functions, recorded their radiation exposure, and assessed their physical condition after landing. The objectives and findings of the mission are documented in NASA’s historical publication Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1966.
记录描述了飞行过程以及任务期间和任务后的医学观察。研究结果还表明，为什么研究人员需要在动物返回后对其进行检查，而不能仅将存活视为任务成功的标志。穿越地球辐射带的长途飞行苏联于1966年2月22日发射“宇宙110号”飞船，维捷罗克和乌戈利奥克随船飞行。飞船于3月16日返回，在22天的任务中绕地球飞行了330圈。
The records describe the flight and the medical observations made during and after the mission. The findings also showed why researchers needed to examine the animals after their return, rather than treating survival alone as an indication of the mission’s success. Long trip through Earth’s radiation beltsThe Soviet Union launched Cosmos 110 on February 22, 1966, with Veterok and Ugolyok aboard. The spacecraft returned on March 16, completing 330 orbits around Earth during its 22-day mission.
每圈轨道飞行中，飞船都会穿越范艾伦辐射带——即地球磁场捕获带电粒子的地球上空区域。
On each orbit, the spacecraft passed through the Van Allen radiation belts, regions above Earth where charged particles are trapped by the planet’s magnetic field.
辐射暴露是实验的另一重点。NASA的历史记载，“宇宙110号”携带了300个热释光剂量计，用于测量与飞船屏蔽相关的辐射剂量，以及10套核乳胶，以帮助确定遇到的辐射成分。这些设备使研究人员能够收集飞行期间的辐射环境数据。
Radiation exposure was another focus of the experiment. NASA’s historical account records that Cosmos 110 carried 300 thermoluminescent dosimeters to measure radiation doses in relation to spacecraft shielding, along with 10 sets of nuclear emulsions to help determine the composition of the radiation encountered. This equipment allowed researchers to collect data on the radiation environment during the flight.
飞船还携带了监测两只狗健康状况的设备。电子传感器持续记录血压、脉搏和呼吸，使研究人员能够观察任务期间的生理变化。一只狗接受了评估心血管反应的测试，另一只则作为对照用于比较。
The spacecraft also carried equipment to monitor the dogs’ health. Electronic sensors continuously recorded blood pressure, pulse, and respiration, allowing researchers to observe physiological changes during the mission. One dog underwent tests to assess cardiovascular responses, while the other served as a control for comparison.
两只狗都被固定在安全带中，气动装置将食物糊直接输送进它们的胃里。在失重初期，狗在协调动作方面出现了困难。观察到头部摇晃，表明其运动协调发生了变化。生理监测还让研究人员得以追踪飞行期间的心血管反应。这些观察表明，太空飞行的影响可能不仅限于适应失重的直接挑战，还可以通过动物身体状况的变化来评估。
Both were secured in harnesses, and a pneumatic device delivered food paste directly into their stomachs. The dogs experienced difficulties coordinating their movements during the initial stages of weightlessness. Head rocking was observed, indicating changes in their motor coordination. The physiological monitoring also allowed researchers to track cardiovascular responses during the flight. These observations showed that the effects of spaceflight could extend beyond the immediate challenges of adapting to weightlessness and could be assessed through changes in the animals’ physical condition.
医学检查结果飞船返回地球后，研究人员对“维特罗克”和“乌戈略克”进行了检查，以评估它们长时间在轨飞行的影响。记录在 NASA 的《1966 年宇航学与航空学》（Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1966）中（包括 5 月 16 日的条目）的发现指出，两狗脉搏率升高且出现脱水。检查还发现狗的骨骼系统发生了变化，包括钙质流失。
Results of the medical examinationsAfter the spacecraft returned to Earth, researchers examined Veterok and Ugolyok to assess the effects of their extended time in orbit. The findings recorded in NASA’s Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1966, including its May 16 entry, noted elevated pulse rates and dehydration. The examinations also identified changes in the dogs’ skeletal systems, including calcium loss.NASA’s historical account, A New Beginning, reports that the dogs’ motor systems took eight to 10 days to return to normal after the mission.
NASA 的历史著作《新的开始》（A New Beginning）报道，狗的运动系统在任务结束后用了 8 到 10 天才恢复正常。它们的恢复情况说明了在长期太空飞行后重新适应地球重力的困难。观察还表明，太空飞行的一些影响在飞船着陆后依然持续。
Their recovery illustrated the difficulties of readjusting to Earth’s gravity after an extended period in space. The observations also showed that some effects of spaceflight persisted after the spacecraft had landed.
历史记录进一步指出，苏联医生观察到，在狗返回后的第 4 天或第 5 天，红细胞沉降率升高、白细胞计数增加。报告将这些变化与动物重新适应正常重力联系起来。这些飞行后的发现为机体在长期任务后的反应提供了更多信息。
The historical record further notes that Soviet doctors observed an increase in the red blood cell sedimentation rate and white blood cell counts on the fourth or fifth day after the dogs’ return. The report associated these changes with the animals’ readjustment to normal gravity. These post-flight findings provided additional information about how the body responded after an extended mission.
辐射测量、持续的生理监测和飞行后医学检查共同为研究人员提供了关于长期太空飞行影响的更详细图景。
Together, the radiation measurements, continuous physiological monitoring, and post-flight medical examinations gave researchers a more detailed picture of the effects of prolonged spaceflight.
不同阶段的观察帮助科学家识别出仅凭成功救回动物本身无法评估的变化。韦泰罗克和乌戈柳克的22天任务让研究人员记录了与长期太空飞行相关的生理影响，包括运动协调能力的变化和生理反应。这些发现被保存在NASA的历史记录中，为科学界研究在太空长期维持生物体生存所面临的挑战作出了贡献。
The different stages of observation helped scientists identify changes that could not have been assessed through the successful recovery of the animals alone. Veterok and Ugolyok’s 22-day mission allowed researchers to document physical effects associated with prolonged spaceflight, including changes in motor coordination and physiological responses. The findings, preserved in NASA’s historical records, contributed to scientific investigations into the challenges of keeping living organisms in space for extended periods.