伊斯兰堡 —— 巴基斯坦在抗击饥饿方面落后于其南亚邻国，包括印度和孟加拉国，后两者在遏制饥荒方面表现更好。专家将伊斯兰堡表现不佳归因于女性就业机会有限和儿童营养不良问题持续存在。
ISLAMABAD -- Pakistan lags in the fight against hunger compared with its South Asian neighbors, including India and Bangladesh, which have been better at holding off starvation. Experts attribute Islamabad's poor showing to limited job opportunities for women and persistent child malnutrition.
总部位于德国波恩的救饥组织“世界救助”、总部位于苏黎世的援助组织“赫尔维塔斯”以及德国波鸿鲁尔大学国际和平与武装冲突法研究所，于上周联合发布了《2026年全球饥饿指数》（GHI）报告。该指数给巴基斯坦打出25.5分，比2018年记录的24.0分有所恶化。
The 2026 Global Hunger Index (GHI) report was released jointly last week by Welthungerhilfe, a hunger relief organization based in Bonn, Germany; Zurich-based aid organization Helvetas; and the Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict at Ruhr University in Bochum, Germany. The index scored Pakistan at 25.5, worse than the previous score of 24.0 recorded in 2018.
全球饥饿指数由四项指标组成。营养不良和儿童死亡率的权重各为33.3%，而儿童发育迟缓和儿童消瘦的权重各为16.7%。该指数得分范围为0至100分，得分越高表示饥饿程度越严重。
The GHI is composed of four indicators. Undernourishment and child mortality carry a weighting of 33.3% each, while child stunting and child wasting have a weighting of 16.7% each. The index is a score from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating more severe hunger.
得分低于10分表示饥饿程度低；10至19.9分显示饥饿程度中等；20至34.9分显示饥饿程度严重；35至49.9分表示饥饿程度令人震惊；50分或以上被定义为饥饿程度极其令人震惊。
A score below 10 indicates low hunger; 10 to 19.9 shows moderate hunger; 20-34.9 shows serious hunger; 35-49.9 indicates alarming hunger; and 50 or above is defined as extremely alarming hunger.
在纳入指数的122个国家中，巴基斯坦排名第106位，仅有约十几个国家得分更高，其中包括阿富汗、塞拉利昂和叙利亚。
Pakistan ranks 106th out of 122 countries included in the index, with only about a dozen countries scoring higher, including Afghanistan, Sierra Leone and Syria.
最新报告显示，与南亚邻国相比，巴基斯坦在抗击饥饿的斗争中正处于劣势。自2000年以来，印度、孟加拉国和尼泊尔的得分持续改善，而巴基斯坦的改善已停止并出现倒退。巴基斯坦国家粮食安全与研究部未回应置评请求。
The latest report shows Pakistan is losing the battle against hunger when compared with its South Asian neighbors. While India, Bangladesh and Nepal have improved their scores continuously since 2000, Pakistan's improvement has stopped and since reversed. Pakistan's Ministry of National Food Security and Research did not respond to a request for comment.
专家指出，印度的处境并无太大好转，其读数与巴基斯坦几乎相同，但他们视孟加拉国为已显著改善。
Experts point out that India is not in a much better position, as its reading is almost the same as Pakistan's, but they view Bangladesh as having improved significantly.
居住在伦敦的金融分析师贾韦德·哈桑（Javed Hassan）对《日经亚洲》表示：“[在孟加拉国，]女性在出口服装行业找到了工作。社区卫生工作者走进了千家万户。卫生条件和女童教育都得到了改善。”
"[In Bangladesh,] women have found work in export garments. Community health workers have reached households. Sanitation and girls' schooling have improved," Javed Hassan, a London-based financial analyst, told Nikkei Asia.
常驻伊斯兰堡的独立经济学家尼亚兹·穆尔塔扎（Niaz Murtaza）认同孟加拉国的持续进步得益于女性就业的改善。他表示：“[在巴基斯坦，]在卫生、教育、水利和环境卫生方面的支出一直不足，各项服务往往无法送达最需要它们的人群。”
Niaz Murtaza, an Islamabad-based independent economist, agreed that Bangladesh's continued progress is backed by improvements in women's employment. "Spending on health, education, water and sanitation has been inadequate [in Pakistan], and services often fail to reach those who need them most," he said.
其他人则将巴基斯坦人饥饿状况的加剧归咎于主食价格的上涨。美国弗吉尼亚州诺福克州立大学的经济学家阿斯玛·海德（Asma Hyder）表示，最新数据显示，小麦面粉价格同比上涨了28%，洋葱上涨了130%，一袋20公斤的面粉价格涨幅超过了30%。她表示：“这些涨幅使得弱势家庭更难以负担营养充足的饮食。”
Others attribute the rise in Pakistanis' hunger to higher prices for staple foods. Asma Hyder, an economist affiliated with Norfolk State University, in the U.S. state of Virginia, said the latest prices for wheat flour rose, year on year, by 28%; onions by 130%; and a 20-kilogram flour bag by over 30%. "These increases make it harder for vulnerable families to afford a sufficiently nutritious diet," she said.
哈桑还指出，家庭无法承受食品通货膨胀带来的压力，尤其是面粉价格的上涨。他补充道：“家庭首先会削减饮食多样性，例如豆类、牛奶和鸡蛋，而这恰恰是导致儿童发育迟缓的原因。”
Hassan also noted that households cannot absorb food inflation, particularly for flour, adding, "Families first cut dietary variety, such as pulses, milk and eggs, which is precisely what stunts children."
伊斯兰堡可持续发展政策研究所生态可持续性与循环经济负责人宰纳卜·纳伊姆（Zainab Naeem）表示，气候冲击也损害了粮食安全。她表示：“农业遭受极端高温的打击，导致产量下降，随后冰雹和洪水等极端天气事件又对在田农作物造成了冲击。在每次洪水过后，一个家庭不应该为了维持生计而去变卖其生产性资产。”该报告还警告称，巴基斯坦儿童消瘦问题日益严重，这意味着儿童的体重相对于身高而言过轻。
Zainab Naeem, head of ecological sustainability and circular economy at the Sustainable Development Policy Institute in Islamabad, said climate shocks have also hurt food security. "Agriculture gets struck by extreme heat, reducing production, and then extreme weather events like hailstorms and floods impact standing crops," she said. "A family should not have to sell its productive assets to keep eating after every flood." The report also warns of the growing problem of child wasting in Pakistan, meaning children weigh too little for their height.
海德曾于去年出版了一本关于巴基斯坦儿童福祉的书籍并担任编辑，她表示，巴基斯坦拥有世界上规模最大的14岁以下儿童群体之一。
Hyder, who edited a book on Pakistani children's well-being that was published last year, said that Pakistan has one of the world's largest populations of children under the age of 14.
“儿童相关指标理应比几乎任何其他人类发展指标都受到更高度的重视，”她表示，“这些指标让我们得以一窥巴基斯坦的未来，因为这些儿童的健康、营养和发展将塑造该国未来数年的社会与经济进步。”经济学家穆尔塔扎表示赞同。“营养不良的儿童难以学习，不良的健康状况则限制了成年人的工作能力。巴基斯坦的饥饿数据表明了贫困是如何从父母空空如洗的口袋传给孩子们受损的未来的，”他说道。阿德南·阿米尔（Adnan Aamir）是特约撰稿人。
"[Child-related] indicators should be taken more seriously than almost any other measure of human development," she said. "They offer a glimpse into Pakistan's future, as the health, nutrition and the development of these children will shape the country's social and economic progress in the years to come." Murtaza, the economist, agrees. "Undernourished children struggle to learn, and poor health limits adults' ability to work. Pakistan's hunger figures show how poverty passes from parents' empty pockets to children's impaired futures," he said. Adnan Aamir is a contributing writer.