2024年,秃头男性主导了足球界——那一年,英超联赛中六大豪门俱乐部的四位主教练都剃着光头,他们的头顶闪闪发光,仿佛他们赢得的奖杯一样。球迷们为此创造了一个新绰号:“秃头骗子”(即那些虽然外表光鲜、实则对球队表现毫无贡献的领导者)。这类人最终总会露出真面目。
Bald men ruled football in 2024. That year four of the big six managers in the Premier League had heads that gleamed like the trophies they won. A moniker was coined that is now beloved by football fans: the “bald fraud”. This charlatan is someone whose actions have little to do with their team’s performance on the pitch and who will, eventually and inevitably, be found out.
如今,足球界中秃头人士的统治已经结束;然而,英国公共财政的“秃头时代”才刚刚开始。7月,新上任的财政大臣约翰·希利在会见财政部官员时,提到了自己在2000年代任职期间的一些老面孔:“他们可能年纪大了些,变得更聪明了些,头发也变白了些……但我还是光头。”但如果希利本人就是个真正的“秃头骗子”呢?
Bald dominance of football has since ended; the bald era of Britain’s public finances, however, is just beginning. In July John Healey, the new-ish chancellor and proud slaphead, greeted Treasury officials by noting familiar faces from his previous stint there in the 2000s. “Perhaps a little older, a little wiser, a little greyer,” he said. “Me, I’m still bald.”But what if Mr Healey is something worse?
虽然在足球界,针对这些“秃头骗子的”指控是公开进行的,但在威斯敏斯特(英国政府核心部门),这类批评却只是私下里的议论。与希利共事过的人评价他“能力平庸”;那些态度刻薄的人则称他“工作迟缓”。一位曾在基尔·斯塔默爵士执政时期工作过的资深官员指出:“希利显然完全不懂得如何处理复杂的问题。”内阁成员们对希利的意见几乎不予理会。那么,这位财政大臣究竟有什么经济增长计划呢?没人知道……一位内阁成员耸耸肩说:“他们何必费心去了解呢?”
What if he is a bald fraud? While accusations of bald fraudulence in football are made publicly, in Westminster they are private. “Pedestrian”, say the kinder ones who have worked with Mr Healey. “Slow”, say the meaner ones. Visibly out of his depth, remarks a veteran of Sir Keir Starmer’s era. Ministers do not pay Mr Healey much heed. What is the chancellor’s theory of growth? Who knows, replies one. Should they bother to find out? The chancellor has little influence on growth policy, shrugs a member of the cabinet.
不过,也有人认为希利并非真正的骗子:“他至少有自己的想法和观点!”一位议员高兴地说道。在经历了两年令人沮丧的执政经历后,工党对大臣们的要求已经变得非常低了。在基尔·斯塔默爵士执政时期,大臣们像对待君主一样对待希利——他们默默地坐在一旁,由其他人来实际管理国家事务。相比之下,希利和他的继任者安迪·伯纳姆确实积极参与政治决策,尽管他们的政治理念较为狭隘,主要关注地区经济发展和福利政策的实施(尽管他们并未意识到福利体系即将走向崩溃)。
The caucus crying “bald fraud” is large. Bald he may be but a fraud he is not, say others. “He’s got views!” says one mp, delightedly. After two frustrating years in power, Labour sets the bar low. Under Sir Keir, ministers treated their boss like a constitutional monarch, sitting mute while others ran the country for him. By contrast Mr Healey and Andy Burnham, Sir Keir’s successor, have politics. It is a parochial politics, focused on regional growth and hand-outs rather than the coming demise of the welfare state, but it is a politics nonetheless.
不过,这总归是一种政治行为吧……在足球和政治领域,判断某人是否具有欺骗性其实更像是一种“艺术”而非“科学”;有些被贴上“骗子”标签的人其实根本不是骗子,而另一些人则只是运气好罢了。人们往往仅凭一些琐碎的信息或直觉来做出判断。你知道吗?2010年工党议员们投票选举影子内阁成员时,希利先生获得了第二名的成绩。
Gauging fraudulence is more art than science, in both football and politics. Some labelled bald frauds are nothing of the sort; others are lucky to be there at all. Often people decide based on trivia and vibes. Did you know Mr Healey came second among Labour mps when they voted for their shadow cabinet in 2010?
他自1997年首次当选议员以来,曾在戈登·布朗担任财政大臣期间担任财政部部长。到了2024年,对于一个几乎没有任何执政经验的政党来说,这样的经历无疑是一大优势。希利先生最终被任命为国防大臣——就像亚历克斯·弗格森爵士的那些前球员一样,尽管他们并没有取得什么显著成就,却依然获得了重要的职位。在顶级足球联赛中,几乎每个球员都曾赢得过冠军;同样,在政界中,每位资深政治家也都曾在某个重要职位上取得过成就。
The man has been around. He was first elected in 1997, becoming a Treasury minister when Gordon Brown was chancellor. Come 2024, this was executive manna to a party about to seize power with almost no governing experience. Mr Healey found himself as defence secretary, in the same way Sir Alex Ferguson’s former players were granted plum jobs even if they had achieved little. “Get Healey in. He knows the club.”Pretty much everyone in top-flight football has won something, just as a senior politician has usually done a big job somewhere.
那么,赢得荷兰顶级联赛“埃雷迪维赛”(Eredivisie)冠军到底有多难呢?有些职位确实能让任何人看起来都很出色……不过,国防大臣这个职位到底算不算一个“真正的”重要职位呢?毕竟,国防大臣的主要工作不过就是向财政部申请资金而已;如果财政部拒绝拨款,那就只能派穿制服的将军们去唐宁街“乞讨”资金罢了。
How difficult is it to win the Eredivisie, the Dutch premier league, really? Some roles can make anyone look good. Is secretary of defence a real job? After all, the bulk of it comes down to asking the Treasury for money and then, if it refuses, sending uniformed generals to march up Downing Street and beg.
不过,担任国防大臣确实能立刻让人获得某种“威望”或“权威感”。有时候,外表或个人背景本身就是决定性的因素。在喜剧《30 Rock》中,有一个角色抱怨道:“电视观众可不喜欢那些自命不凡、来自东海岸、思想激进、属于左翼阵营的政客……”另一个角色打断他说:“杰克,直接说‘犹太人’不就行了,别绕弯子了。”当工党在考虑谁应该接替凯尔爵士担任临时首相时,希利先生就被党内高层推荐为候选人——他为人稳重、可靠,而且外表也符合这个职位的要求。其实,只要说“他是秃头”就行了……不过,这种评价显然也太简单化了。
What being defence secretary does provide is instant gravitas. Sometimes appearance is all it takes. In 30 Rock, a sitcom about a television channel, one character ranted: “The television audience doesn’t want your elitist, east coast, alternative, intellectual, left-wing—” The recipient cut in: “Jack, just say Jewish, this is taking forever.”And so it was when Labour was casting around for a potential caretaker prime minister should Sir Keir have to quit. Mr Healey was tipped for it by senior party wallahs: steady, solid, looked the part.
要钱却拿不到,是希利先生在政坛的主要成就。他担任国防大臣的决定性时刻,发生在他离任之时——他因基尔·斯塔默爵士拒绝将国防开支提高到2030年的国内生产总值3%而辞职。此前以坚定忠诚著称的希利先生,呼吁首相下台。这奏效了。基尔·斯塔默爵士离任,希利先生获得了政府第二大职位。
Just say “bald”, this is taking forever. Asking for money and not getting it is Mr Healey’s main achievement in politics. His defining moment as defence secretary came when he left, resigning over Sir Keir’s refusal to raise defence spending to 3% by 2030. Mr Healey, hitherto known for resolute loyalty, called for the prime minister to go. It worked. Sir Keir left and Mr Healey landed the second-biggest job in government.
在足球界如同在政坛,骗子只有爬得足够高才会暴露。彼得原理——每个人都会被提拔到超出其能力的一级——是一条铁律。毕竟,希利先生成为财政大臣,是因为他不是别人。沙巴娜·马赫穆德作为内政大臣太有用;埃德·米利班德,现任外交大臣,则太另类、太有知识分子气、也太左翼。希利先生就像一位不幸的教练,执教于一家由妄想症主席每周亲自挑选球员的俱乐部。
In football as in politics, frauds are exposed only once they climb high enough. The Peter principle—that everyone is promoted one level beyond their competence—is an iron law. After all, Mr Healey became chancellor because of who he was not. Shabana Mahmood was too useful as home secretary; Ed Miliband, now the foreign secretary, was too alternative, intellectual and left-wing. Mr Healey resembles a hapless coach at a club whose megalomaniac chairman picks the team each week.
即便是个秃头骗子,也能暂时得逞。有些预算案标志着巨变;10月28日的那份不会,除非出了大问题。国防方面会筹到一些资金,对增长也会口头表示支持。如果一切顺利,赞美之词照样会到来:“稳健”、“扎实”、“他看起来很胜任”。
Even a bald fraud can prosper for a while. Some budgets mark sea changes; the one on October 28th will not, unless something goes badly wrong. Some money for defence will be found and lip service will be paid to growth. Should it go without a hitch, plaudits will come in anyway: “steady”, “solid”, “he looked the part”.
但财政研究所(一家智库)称,如果希利先生希望避免包括地方政府和监狱在内的一大批部门面临大幅削减,他将在2027年不得不凑齐将近350亿英镑(约合470亿美元,或占国内生产总值的1.1%)。任何人都能在经济年增长3%时管理一次支出审查,就像任何秃头骗子都能管理拜仁慕尼黑——德国最富有的俱乐部——并赢得德甲联赛一样。但在斯托克城一个寒冷潮湿的夜晚,他们能做到吗?希利先生能在4月的春季预算案中做到吗?
But in 2027 Mr Healey will have to cobble together the best part of £35bn ($47bn, or 1.1% of GDP) if he wishes to avoid steep cuts for a swathe of departments including for local government and prisons, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a think-tank. Anyone can manage a spending review when the economy is growing by 3% a year, in the same way any bald fraud can manage Bayern Munich, Germany’s richest club, and win the Bundesliga. Could they do it on a cold, wet night in Stoke? Can Mr Healey do it in a spring statement in April?
如果一支足球队能在一位“秃头骗子”的带领下蓬勃发展,英国经济也能如此。数据比氛围所显示的更有希望;如果霍尔木兹海峡完全重新开放,数据将会一片光明。工党能否保住政权,将在财政大臣办公室之外决定——在唐宁街10号,或远在其外。如果工党失败,下一届政府将面临同样的根本性问题。另一位秃头男士安德鲁·格里菲斯是保守党新任影子财政大臣。辩论可以重新开始了。■
If a football team can thrive with a bald fraud at the helm, so can the British economy. The data are more hopeful than the vibes suggest; should the Strait of Hormuz fully reopen, they would be glowing. Whether Labour can hang on to power will be decided outside the chancellor’s office—in 10 Downing Street or far beyond. Should it fail, the next government will face the same fundamental questions. Andrew Griffith, another bald man, is the Conservatives’ new shadow chancellor. The debate can start again. ■