在萨尔瓦多，曾经布满帮派涂鸦的墙壁上，如今出现了鸟类、花卉和风景的壁画，艺术家们正从被击败的犯罪帮派手中夺回公共空间。
In El Salvador, walls that were once plastered with gang graffiti now feature tableaus of birds, flowers and landscapes, as artists reclaim public spaces from vanquished crime gangs.A few years ago, Colonia 10 de Octubre district in the town of San Marcos, about 10 kilometers from the capital San Salvador, was a no-go zone.
几年前，位于距离首都圣萨尔瓦多约10公里的圣马科斯镇的10月10日社区，曾是禁区。只有得到残忍的玛拉萨尔瓦特鲁查帮派许可的人才敢进入这个由小房子组成的迷宫，那里谋杀受害者的尸体被扔在街上，敲诈勒索盛行。
Only people given the nod by the brutal Mara Salvatrucha gang dared to enter this warren of small houses, where bodies of murder victims were dumped on the street and extortion was rife.
手持喷漆罐和画笔，帕特里夏·贝加、马塞拉·阿拉尔滕加和伊丽莎白·瓜尔达多正在给许多社区之一进行改头换面。自2022年以来，总统奈伊布·布克莱一直在打击该国的“潘迪利亚斯”。
Armed with spray cans and paintbrushes, Patricia Vega, Marcela Alvarenga, and Elizabeth Guardado are giving a makeover to one of the many communities where President Nayib Bukele has cracked down on the country's "pandillas" since 2022.
这三位女性中有两人教授艺术，她们受一个通过城市艺术促进社会包容的团体邀请，帮助重塑这个社区。贝加告诉法新社，她小时候害怕像10月10日社区这样的地方，因为那里有残酷的地盘争斗和针对女性的暴力行为。该社区以1986年一场在萨尔瓦多造成约1500人死亡的地震日期命名。
The women, two of whom teach art, were invited to help reinvent the district by a collective that promotes social inclusion through urban art. Vega told AFP she grew up in fear of places like Colonia 10 de Octubre, named after the date of a 1986 earthquake that killed approximately 1,500 people in El Salvador, because of their brutal turf wars and violence against women.MS-13 and its arch-rival Barrio 18 controlled 80 percent of El Salvador's territory, according to official figures, before being dismantled in Bukele's crackdown, which NGOs have denounced for serious human rights violations.
根据官方数据，MS-13及其死对头第18街帮曾控制萨尔瓦多80%的领土，但在布克莱的打击中被瓦解。非政府组织谴责这次打击存在严重的人权侵犯行为。
In October 2024, 10 de Octubre was locked down by police in a major anti-gang operation that resulted in hundreds of arrests.
2024年10月，10月10日社区在一次重大反帮派行动中被警察封锁，导致数百人被捕。此后，该地区一直处于持续的警察和军队巡逻之下。“壁画代表着前后的对比，”27岁的阿拉尔滕加说。
“好莱坞” -在社区的一段楼梯上，瓜尔达多将绿色油漆滚涂在一面褪色的墙上，墙上仍能看到“好莱坞”字样。
Since then, the area has been under constant police and military patrol." The mural represents a before and after," said Alvarenga, 27.- 'Hollywood' -On one of the neighborhood's staircases, Guardado rolls green paint over a faded wall where the word "Hollywood" is still visible.
好莱坞是MS-13的一个小组名称，该小组曾牢牢控制着这个社区。作为前帮派据点中依然存在的恐惧的迹象，几位居民停下来欣赏壁画，但拒绝与法新社交谈，因为害怕被识别出来。
Hollywood was the name of the MS-13 cell that held the community in a vice-grip. In a sign of the fear that still persists in former gang hotspots, several residents stopped to admire the murals but refused to speak with AFP, for fear of being identified by the gang "remnants" they say still live nearby.A woman whose home was daubed with graffiti showed quiet satisfaction as Guardado painted over it.
一名家门被涂鸦破坏的妇女，看着瓜尔达多将涂鸦遮盖，脸上露出了平静的满足神情。这三位艺术家居住在附近的梅希卡诺斯镇，该镇曾同样深受帮派之害。他们视自己的使命为帮助萨尔瓦多翻过历史上这一黑暗的篇章。瓜尔达多表示，他们还旨在通过向女性展示她们可以成为“他人的灯塔”，来赋予女性力量。
The three artists, who live in Mejicanos, a nearby town that was also once plagued by gangs, see their mission as helping El Salvador turn the page on a dark chapter in its history. Guardado said they also aim to empower women by showing them they can be a "beacon for others."