根据最新研究，术前服用褪黑素或安眠药（佐匹克隆）可能与术后疼痛减轻及恢复更顺利有关。
Taking melatonin or Ambien (zolpidem) before surgery may be associated with less pain and a smoother recovery afterward, according to new research.
美国麻醉医师学会发布的新闻稿称，在10月18日于圣地亚哥举行的2026年ANESTHESIOLOGY年会上公布的研究发现，术前使用这两种助眠药物之一改善睡眠，可缓解焦虑，同时减轻术后疼痛并降低阿片类药物使用量。
Research presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2026 annual meeting in San Diego on Oct. 18 found that improving sleep before surgery with one of these two sleep aids could ease anxiety while reducing post-surgical pain and opioid use.
研究人员分析了2000年至2025年间接受腹部、妇科、骨科、泌尿科、牙科及其他手术患者的16项研究。据美国麻醉医师学会新闻稿称，这涉及1100多名患者。
The researchers analyzed 16 studies of patients who underwent abdominal, gynecologic, orthopedic, urologic, dental and other surgical procedures between 2000 and 2025. This amounted to more than 1,100 patients, according to a press release from the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
褪黑素通常在术前一晚和/或麻醉前20至90分钟服用，剂量范围为1毫克至20毫克。
Melatonin was typically taken the night before surgery and/or 20 to 90 minutes before anesthesia, with dosages ranging from 1 mg to 20 mg.
安眠药剂量固定为10毫克，在术前一晚或术前最多两天内连续多晚睡前服用。尽管两者均用作助眠药物，但褪黑素和安眠药的作用机制不同。
Ambien, consistently dosed at 10 mg, was taken at bedtime either the night before surgery or for multiple nights up to two days before the procedure. Although both are used as sleep aids, melatonin and Ambien work differently.
据美国国家卫生研究院称，褪黑素是一种天然激素，有助于调节睡眠-觉醒周期。根据FDA处方信息，安眠药（佐匹克隆）作用于中枢神经系统的GABA-A受体，产生镇静作用。
Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle, according to the National Institutes of Health. Ambien, or zolpidem, acts on GABA-A receptors in the central nervous system to produce a sedative effect, states FDA prescribing information.
所有研究均显示，褪黑素与焦虑、疼痛和炎症减轻相关，此外，在部分腹部手术患者中，阿片类药物使用量减少了30%以上。
Across all studies, melatonin was associated with less anxiety, pain and inflammation, in addition to a more than 30% reduction in opioid use among some abdominal surgery patients.
分析表明，与传统镇静剂相比，褪黑素可能为老年患者提供优势，因为老年人术后更易出现意识模糊。使用活动监测仪的研究还发现，服用褪黑素的患者恢复情况和睡眠模式均有改善。
The analysis suggested melatonin could offer advantages over traditional sedatives for older adults, who may be more susceptible to confusion after surgery. Studies that used activity monitors also found that patients who took melatonin showed improvements in recovery and sleep patterns.
据报道，安眠药帮助术前已有睡眠问题的患者改善了术前睡眠，且术后疼痛也有所减轻。
Ambien reportedly helped patients with pre-existing sleep problems sleep better before surgery and was also associated with less pain afterward.
接受结直肠手术并服用安必恩（Ambien）的患者在手术期间及术后首24小时内需要的阿片类药物更少，且炎症水平也更低。
Patients who underwent colorectal surgery and took Ambien required less opioid medication during and in the first 24 hours after the procedure. They also had lower inflammation levels.
接受髋关节置换的患者据报道焦虑和抑郁程度较低，对恢复过程的满意度更高。
Those who had hip replacement reportedly experienced less anxiety and depression and were more satisfied with the recovery process.
由于这是一项范围综述，旨在总结已有研究而非直接检验治疗效果，研究人员无法给出临床建议，也无法全面评估偏倚风险。他们指出需要进一步研究。
Because this was a scoping review, which summarizes existing research rather than testing a treatment directly, the researchers could not make clinical recommendations or fully assess the risk of bias. They noted that more research is needed.
耶鲁医学院的高级研究作者、麻醉科高级住院医师塞巴斯蒂安·阿马亚（Dr. Sebastian Amaya）表示，睡眠改善与积极结果相关并不令人惊讶。
Dr. Sebastian Amaya, senior study author and senior anesthesiology resident at Yale School of Medicine, said he was not surprised that improving sleep was associated with positive outcomes.
他指出，睡眠“极其重要”，有助于维持整体健康，调节免疫系统、认知功能和情绪健康。
He noted that sleep is "extremely important" for maintaining overall health and controlling the immune system, cognitive function and emotional well-being.
在所审阅的研究中，使用褪黑素和安必恩与疼痛减轻和阿片类药物使用减少相关，阿马亚医生重申了这一点。
In the studies reviewed, use of melatonin and Ambien was associated with less pain and lower opioid use, the doctor reiterated.
阿马亚说：“疼痛本质上是一种体验”，并指出个人的环境和其他个体因素会影响疼痛水平。
"Pain is ultimately an experience," Amaya said, noting that a person’s environment and other individual factors can influence pain levels.
他补充说，睡眠在大脑功能中也发挥重要作用，包括参与疼痛感受的过程。
Sleep also plays an important role in brain function, including the processes involved in how pain is experienced, he added.
“许多与疼痛相关的激素同时也与睡眠有关，”他说。“如果你患有失眠或其他慢性睡眠问题，这些生物机制都会受到干扰，这可能会导致术后疼痛加剧。”
"A lot of the hormones that are involved in pain are also involved in sleep," he said. "If you have insomnia, if you have other chronic sleep issues, all these different biological pathways can be disrupted, and that could lead to increased pain after surgery."
“因此，如果能让患者在术前拥有良好的睡眠质量，就能降低术后疼痛加剧的风险。”术后通常会使用阿片类药物来缓解疼痛，但研究表明，术后过量使用阿片类药物会增加患者持续依赖这些药物的风险。虽然改善睡眠质量有望减少术后对阿片类药物的需求，但阿玛亚（Amaya）提醒说，目前的研究结果尚不足以得出定论。
CLICK HERE TO "So, by having somebody with optimized sleep preoperatively, we decrease the risk of increased pain after surgery." Opioids are commonly prescribed to manage pain after surgery, and research has linked greater post-surgical opioid exposure with an increased risk of persistent use. Although the possibility that better sleep could reduce opioid use after surgery is promising, Amaya cautioned that the findings are not conclusive.
“许多研究确实表明，患者在术后立即期疼痛程度有所减轻，阿片类药物的使用量也减少了，”他说。“遗憾的是，这些患者并没有在术后几天内继续接受随访——这应该是未来需要进一步研究的内容。”阿玛亚表示，我们的目标是在控制疼痛的同时，尽快让患者出院。术前改善睡眠质量可能是一个相对容易实现的目标，尤其是考虑到现代生活方式（如蓝光和噪音）会对睡眠质量产生负面影响。
"A lot of these studies did show that the patients had decreased pain levels and decreased opioid consumption in the immediate post-operative period," he said. "Unfortunately, they didn't get followed up for the next couple of days. That would be another study that should be done." Amaya said the goal is to get patients out of the hospital as soon as possible while keeping pain under control. Improving sleep before surgery may be "low-hanging fruit," particularly as modern lifestyle factors such as blue light and noise can interfere with sleep quality.
“实际上，很多人睡眠质量都很差，而这可能会在患者接受手术后引发各种问题（比如剧烈疼痛），”他说。“也许通过改善睡眠习惯，或者咨询他们的主治医生，就可以帮助他们改善睡眠状况。”未参与这项研究的犹他州临床心理学家、兰德公司（RAND）高级行为科学家温迪·特罗克塞尔（Wendy Troxel）博士认为，从睡眠的角度来看，这些研究结果“是合理的”。
"There are probably a lot of people who actually have poor sleep quality, and that can play a role when they come to surgery and have post-operative problems, like a lot of pain," he said. "Maybe their sleep could have been optimized with better sleep hygiene, or maybe they could have talked to their primary care physician." Dr. Wendy Troxel, a Utah-based licensed clinical psychologist and senior behavioral scientist at RAND, who was not involved in the study, said the findings "make sense" from a sleep perspective.
“我们知道睡眠对愈合和恢复有多重要，在重大医疗程序前感到焦虑和睡眠不佳是非常正常的，”她对福克斯新闻数字频道表示。“对于某些患者，在手术前后短期使用助眠药可能会有帮助。”特罗克尔指出，担忧在于助眠药通常不建议作为失眠的长期解决方案。
"We know how important sleep is for healing and recovery, and it’s very normal to feel anxious and sleep poorly before a major medical procedure," she told Fox News Digital. "For some patients, a short-term sleep aid around the time of surgery may help." Troxel suggested the concern would be that sleep medications generally are not recommended as a long-term solution for insomnia.
“褪黑素显示出益处，这让我有点惊讶，因为总体证据表明，对大多数人来说，它作为助眠剂的效果有限，”她指出。“这可能是安慰剂效应或期望效应也在起作用，特别是在如此高压的情境下。”
"I’m a little surprised that melatonin showed benefits, since the overall evidence suggests it has limited effects as a sleep aid for most people," she noted. "It may be that placebo, or expectancy effects, could also contribute, particularly in such a stressful context."
尽管存在局限性，特罗克尔总结称，这些发现“很有趣，并可能对手术患者的护理产生积极影响”。对于即将接受手术的患者，特罗克尔指出，术前焦虑和睡眠碎片化是“正常的”，可能存在短期解决方案。
Despite the limitations, Troxel concluded that the findings are "interesting and could positively impact patient care for surgical procedures." For patients who are anticipating an upcoming surgery, Troxel noted that pre-procedure anxiety and disjointed sleep are "normal," and there may be short-term solutions.
“任何考虑服用褪黑素或处方安眠药的人，都应该咨询他们的手术和麻醉团队，了解什么适合他们，”她建议道。福克斯新闻数字频道联系了安眠酮和褪黑素的制造商，请其置评。
"Anyone considering melatonin or a prescription sleep medication should check with their surgical and anesthesia team about what is appropriate for them," she advised. Fox News Digital reached out to manufacturers of Ambien and melatonin requesting comment.